/sci/ - Science & Math

>faggot
Why the homophobia?

>>9685319
lol sorry,

I just get in 4chan mode sometimes

>>9685292
How feasible is it to build a space elevator out of carbon nanotubes or carbyne?

>>9685292
>>9685292
how much math should one wanting a job as a materials engineer expect? i want a fuck ton of math.

>>9685325
It's probably not the best method for getting materials into space.
The main issue is that while carbon nanotubes are strong, a single atomic defect lowers the strength by ~60%
There is also a very big difference between single walled and multi-walled nanotubes in terms of absolute strength.

A more practical approach would be to build active support structures that 'float' and pass the payload off as you get higher so no one structure needs to take the entire load.

I also like the idea of a 'skyhook' which would also need to be made out of really strong materials.

>>9685292
Can you make me lsd?

>>9685338
uhhh, asking for a friend.

>>9685336

Well you're in luck. Materials engineering is all based on known relationships and that requires using a lot of math and applying a shit ton of simple models to complicated comsol (or similar) simulations.

I've worked with several material engineers. Learn matlab or similar scripting languages. Also ordinary differential equations for physical models is a common starting point for 'back of the envelope' calculations for most engineering problems of dynamic systems. Eg. thermal and mass transport

>>9685338
Yes

You can start by extracting LSA from morning glory seeds then doing a 1 step reaction to make LSD

I don't remember specifically what reaction cause that is organic chemistry and I typically work with metal nanoparticles.

>>9685292
what kind of job does a phd in chem get you

>>9685351
Depends on what your specialization is.

The obvious answer is 'postdoc' which is a job that you get lots of freedom (probably) only make 40K and work 60 hours a week.
This is what I currently do because i like fundamental science.

A buddy of mine makes atomic layer deposition precursors for Merck. He moved to a town near Boston and makes 110K a year now.

Government researchers start at ~60-80K and keep going up with time.

Profs start at ~75K but it is super fucking hard to become a prof (convincing them you can get funding is more important than convincing them you can do science) After about 7 years you'll make ~105K, and after another 7 or 8 you'll make like 125. Lots of profs have spin off companies too, and lots of universities will help you patent things that are useful (they take a cut, but everyone wins)

If you are really aggressive you can become a consultant, and make a killing telling companies obvious things, like 250K+/year

After my current postdoc ends I am fairly well set to be a competitive candidate to be a prof, or a government employee.

>>9685374
This is me, i keep removing my name to shitpost in other forums

my bad

What is your average day like?

>>9685292
Are you going to go into reseaching how to produce sheets of graphene in large/cheap quantities? If not, why?

>>9685292
Just a question for someone who has gone through academia:
I've managed to autistically devote myself to a subject over the past couple years, though I'm a high school drop out because of it (GED, I'll end up at a local uni). Assuming I keep up this devotion what are the chances I can just stay in academia with my comfy subject for my whole life?

>>9685393
Currently bad, because I am between (meaningful) jobs
My next postdoc starts soon, but the bureaucrats stopped it from starting now (i hate bureaucrats)

I'll describe my last job and my grad experience.

Last job: get up at 8, go to work. Make an espresso in office, check my e-mails. Go to one of the labs, check the instruments, take samples out, store them. Go back to the office. Read several papers, make stupid jokes with the engineers, have lunch. Go to the other lab, prepare and analyse a sample, take some x-ray diffractograms of it. Analyse the data, Make a 'presentation slide deck' highlighting the importance of the findings.

That last job sucked because no matter what I 'discovered' my agenda was set by our collaborator (google) so I had to keep doing pointless experiments despite the fact I proved they didn't work months earlier. (I rage quit that job)

After work I would stop at the liquor store, buy beer, do some hot knives and shit post on 4chan. Not my best moments.


Grad school: Fucking awesome. If I didn't have a meeting to attend, I got up at noon. Drank an excessive amount of coffee, and marked papers and lab reports while drinking in the grad bar. I wasn't supposed to work at night and alone but I did anyway often working till 1-2 am on whatever I felt like. Grad school is awesome. Want a day off, take a day off. Don't get me wrong, I still worked... a lot. In the end I published 12 papers. Writing papers is tedious, but publishing is very satisfying.

>>9685395
No, my next job is either going to be about using Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and plasmonics to make sensors for opioid detection

OR

making tellurium oxide nanoparticles for neutrino detection.

I have two offers currently and I haven’t decided yet


In my opinion we know so much about graphene to the point that it should be handed off to chemical engineers and not fundamental scientist.

>>9685399
It can be a hard road anon.

In your position, your best bet is to find a professor that wants you. Admission is easy after that.

I had to do a qualifying term to get into grad school cause my grades sucked (i didn't give a fuck or go to lectures) My supervisor saw that I was competent and pulled strings for me. I owe him so much.

Once you are in university nobody gives two fucks about what happened in highschool. I didn't even take chemistry in highschool, just math math math, architecture and programming.

You can do it, just keep up the work.

My best advice is really to understand how the local bureaucracy works, how the department works and get a handle on the politics of your current position. These tools are far more useful and important than being competent.

>>9685292
Is math related to science?

>>9685430

>>9685345
That is some relief. I'm currently studying SageMath and can add Python to the list for math if it helps. Do you recommend Linear Algebra for Differential Equations (course)?

>>9685407
Interesting stuff. Thank you.

>>9685466

They are both useful, but

Differential equations is better for physical systems

linear algebra is better for comp sci

Python is great. My last job required me to collect a shit ton of data and one of the engineers needed to make scripts to deal with the ridiculous amount of information I collected.

>>9685466
I was unaware of SageMath, interesting

I'm also a linux and open source nerd so this is totally my kind of thing

thanks anon

Alright i'm out

no more answers

keep it real /sci/

>>9685324
You had one test and you caved like a faggot

>>9685481
Linear Algebra For Differential Equations. It's still Differential Equations, I think the course may be things like Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions for treating systems of Differential Equations, which my class covered in a unit or two but the depth of a separate class may be nice. I was just curious how advanced or how many equations engineers typically work with at once to see if taking the class would be beneficial.

pchem is your field?

>>9685292
I'm an analytical faggot with knowledge in comp chem

are there any comp chem jobs out there? How do I stop hating my life?

Is it feasible to trust acoustic sound in sensitive photon measurements

>>9685292

What books/videos would you recommend to make my organic chemistry ?

P.S undergrad level

>>9685521
You use what you know, it's all tools in the tool box,
Where I'm at that course is first semester second year and is compulsory for mechanical, software, comp

Does this one go into Laplace at all? If it does take it, I use that shit all the time

>>9685292
>There seems to be a disproportionate amount of math and physics fags on this board.
That's because unemployed people have nothing better to do than shitposting on 4chan.

>>9685292
What kind of tubing will I need when running my Birkeland process reactor?
For my small scale non optimized version I'm thinking about going with PEX ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-linked_polyethylene )

>>9685338
Here you go

Also how you get a PHD in chemistry and not know how to make LSD. Litterally organic II

>>9685529
My sub-fields are:
Physical chemistry, nanoscience, nanotechnology, photonics and spectroscopy

>>9685831
Undergraduate level organic chemistry is about memorizing basic reaction schemes. My prof for that class at the time made us a little 'handbook' with the relevant reaction schemes. i can't recommend any particular text.

I suggest you write out the ones you need to know for your exam over and over.

You also need to understand what SN1 SN1 E1 and E2 mean, and how to describe the effects of resonance structures on reaction products.

>>9686031
I took organic II 8 years ago and never did organic chemistry again

>>9686011
I'm not sure i've never tried to build one of those.

The is more of an engineering question as this type of reactor is well over 100 years old.

Also this process isn't as good as the Haber process for making fertilizer.

>>9686128
Understandable.

Finished my first inorganic class. Took as a complimentary since I'm a biochemist. Loved organic but inorganic made me want to bash my head in. Was able to develop chemical intuition with organic, inorganic was way too systematic for me.

>>9685679
Yes, there are lots of comp chem jobs out there. Molecular modelling, and materials modelling is really important. Learn things such as matlab or python, Finite difference time domain simulations, Gaussian, and Density functional theory, etc.

There are tons of analytical jobs out there, pretty much any product that has quality control needs an analytical chemist. Some of these jobs suck so beware. For example, Garnier offered me $14 an hour to test shampoo when I got my undergrad. I told them to fuck off.

>>9686140
They are very different anon

I'm way better at inorganic. Group theory, symmetry operations and micro-states. Plus once you get far enough fancy spectroscopy techniques become your best friend for interrogating systems

>>9685337
>A more practical approach would be to build active support structures that 'float' and pass the payload off as you get higher so no one structure needs to take the entire load.
Like a series of balloons, with drones carrying the payload from one balloon to another?

>>9686185
Balloons are one concept. You can also use active support systems that just fire material up at them to float. Kind of like floating a bucket on top of a garden hose.

If you are really interested in this stuff I suggest you watch some of the episodes by Isaac Arthur. He is a futurist who covers this stuff pretty well. He has a whole serious of videos on getting into space.

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZFipeZtQM5CKUjx6grh54g

My only complaint about him is he hand-waves nanotechnology pretty fucking hard. But hey, he is a physicist not a chemist and I specialize in nanoscience so maybe i'm being picky.

>>9686192
>serious
series

stupid spell check

>>9685292
>but not organic chemistry cause i'm not a faggot
awright u no what cunt

>>9685292
How does one get involved in the field of “metal nanoparticles” like yourself?

>>9686230
The most important step is you need to identify profs you want to work for that do research you are interested in.

For your 4th year thesis you probably don't get a lot of choice, but you might get lucky. I didn't work with any nanomaterials until I was in grad school.

When you apply for grad school the best method is to find a prof who wants you, so contact them directly and be professional and enthusiastic about it. It will make the application process much smoother. Discuss what your project will be focused on and be open to going to smaller departments, you'll get more choice and freedom. Plus your odds of getting scholarships hare higher when you have less competition.

>>9686230
>>9686242
Oh also I forgot to mention

By 3rd year you can gain a specialization at most schools. Make sure you take courses that are about nanoscience, both lectures and experimental labs.

Btfo scifags

>>9686273
fuck you

>>9686278
No u

>>9686289
Here, look at these tits

Hopefully it distracts you from posting again

>>9686294
Thanks. Now answer the question, is math related to science?

>>9686312
Fine

Math is the language of science.

You don't need to be as good at math as a mathematician, and chemistry doesn't require as much math as physics, but yes they are related.

>>9686020
wow this is bad
spot the undergrad

>>9686315
Great, we're moving places.
Now that the question is settled, let me ask you this (second year pharma):
How the hell do i go from [math]\displaystyle{V_n\frac{\mathrm{d}c_R^{(n)}(t)}{\mathrm{d}t}=\frac{N}{\bar{\tau}}\big(c_R^{(n-1)}(t)-c_R^{(n)}(t)\big)}[/math]
to [math]\displaystyle{c_R^o\Bigg[1-e^{-N\frac{I}{F}}\sum\limits_{j=1}^{N}\frac{1}{(j-1)!}\Big(\frac{Nt}{\bar{\tau}}\Big)^{j-1}\Bigg]}[/math]
I can't into kinematics, halp.

>>9686351
Sorry dude I have never done any work or courses in pharmacology and I haven't done any organic chemistry for almost a decade.

>>9686133
you nigger
The problem boils down to: what will nitrogen dioxide gas react with at ~~standard conditions.

>>9686364
The course is called introduction to process engineering and it's basically all about mathematically modeling various reactors. Can't wrap my head around this though (supposedly some catalytic reactor with radial flow), even though it's supposed to be easy.
Oh well, guess i'll just go make a retard out of myself in front of the prof.

>>9685410
Go with the tellurium oxide just because tellurium sounds a bit exotic to me.

>>9686393
That is the one I want to do but unfortunately I have other adult considerations that will ultimately determine my job choice.

>>9686375
>>9686377

Process engineering is horribly boring.

I like discovering new things, not optimizing systems.

tfw Science > Engineering

>>9686140
As a biochemist I loved my first and only inorganic class because pretty colors and metals.
>>9685292
Do you like quantum dots? Could I make my own quantum dot at home just for looking at nice colors?

>>9685292
What are tin whiskers?

>>9686411
Quantum dots are cool

CdSe are the easiest to make, but you need to find the precursors and solvents and they are highly toxic.

There are ZnS and Si dots too, but they are more difficult to make and you'll still have difficulty finding the precursors.

You can easily make plasmonic gold nanoparticles at home.
You need gold salt, sodium citrate, and distilled water. They aren't QD's so they don't fluoresce, but they make really nice colours from deep red wine to a nice violet.

>>9686417
This is a phenomenon where surface atoms in a metal migrate and form long whisker like shapes on a material. Typically during a heating or bonding process such as soldering.
It is considered a detrimental process and additives such as other metals are used to slow the process down.

Gold is particularly susceptible to surface migration and is rarely seen in semiconductor fabrication for that reason.

>>9686221
fuck that guy, people like OP should have gone into physics or engineering
we don't need them bro

Explain Crystal Field Theory to a brainlet pls

so i'm a amateur chemist. is the correct methodology for determining bond creation & breakage based on the quantum chem atomic attraction/repulsion, taking into account atmospheric heat & the numbers of molecules? i wrote down the equations somewhere but i can't find it.
don't bother finding me the equation, i will later, i just wanna know if this is true method

>>9686919
found it.
Fa=((z1)(z2)(1.602x10^-19C)^2)/4pieFaradradius^2

>>9686919
also, atmospheric pressure?

Hi OP, I'm the newest nanochemist in the world.

I'm about to start a Chem PhD in the fall with a concentration in nanotech. I worked in an inorganic synthesis lab in undergrad where I made AuNPs, quantum dots, and a few other things. But I have very little understanding of what it's like to be a nanochemist professionally or what the field looks like right now. What can I expect?

>>9686919
>>9686933
>>9686947
also, are certain bonds only broken by electrolysis? that is, there is no heat equivalent & vice-versa?

>>9686994
one more ?: are there bondings that are initiated by passing an electric current? I'm not talking about a breakage that reforms into a different configuration.

>>9685292
You do know organic chemistry is the only one that matters, right?

>>9686893
c mon someone

>>9686919
You really should take into account the entropy change of those reactions, too. Remember that those reactions are only going to happen if delta G is negative and you have sufficient activation energy.

You mentioned pressure in another post, and that's also gonna be a factor, because a higher pressure means more reactive collisions. Check out the erying equation to estimate activation parameters, too.

>>9685831
One particular text thats AMAZING with OChem is any book under the name of David Klein. His main series of textbooks explain concepts very well and his smaller supplemental books are also great resources.

>>9685292
I need a list of books, even though Im an EE undergrad I need a weath of knowledge in various field, materials science and by proxy battery chemistry books would be appreciated

How fast does co2 partion into deionized H2O?

>>9687291
https://mega.nz/#F!15lAjDSZ!UCOKYTQrBhFVLe8wtfFmUA

>>9685292
Why don't you like orgo faggot

>>9685337
You have no understanding of how space elevators are supposed to work. The whole point is to store the energy from going down to power the next ride up. You can't do that with "floating" structures unless you do it as a space bolas which requires similar strength and is less efficient and way more dangerous to operate

>>9685838
Laplace transforms were already discussed in the Differential Equations class so I'm good to go there. I understand that you apply what you know, but I want to know what type of problems and what type of math typically comes up. Is it convenient to use matrices? If so, then I'll probably take the course.

>>9687425
very fast

>>9685324
pathetic

>>9687448
Why do orgo when you can do pchem and LARP as a physicist

i really really really have enjoyed organic chemistry but i'm a bio major

what do I do now/what opportunities are there for me to keep learning this type of stuff

>>9686119
are you in scandinavia by any chance

I always liked inorganic chemistry, although I‘m a computer scientist. Recently I even bought a 2200 page tome (Holleman/Wiberg).

>>9687214
do you know about d orbitals?

inorganic is not my field, and I just had a re sit

basically you have the 5 d orbitals that split because of where the ligands end up

these 5 degenerate orbitals end up splitting (im not going into the group theory side of things) and some end up with higher and some with lower energy (delta O if it's an octahedral complex), depending on the ligand and on the metal, this energy will vary, if the energy difference (delta O) is great the electrons will end up on the lower energy orbitals (aufbau blabla), if the delta energy is not so big then they can populate both orbital levels (eg, t2g)

for example water as a ligand will cause a smaller delta O than carbon monoxide

hopefully an inorganic chemisty can correct me if im wrong

>>9685292
can we predict the shape of a crystal grown under controlled circumstances?

>>9686020
>No reaction system conditions included

>>9685292
>chemistry
>science
good 1 m8, now go back to your kitchen

2nd year chemist from the uk here. Organic at this level is basically rote memorisation of reagents and conditions. How do I memorise a bunch of reaction conditions in a short period of time?

Also, I like inorganic (for being easy) and quantum chemistry (for being interesting). I know those are very broad but anyone know which sub field is better to get into for research?

>>9686893
In a vaccuum, all atomic orbitals of a given n are essentially spheres, and have the same energy. When ligands surround the atom center, the resulting electric field splits the orbitals (9 equivalent orbitals for n=3) into several different energy groups. How many orbitals move to which energy level are determined by their angular momentum numbers, given by their s,p,d shapes (l=0,1,2), their ml (-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, or dxy dz^2 etc.), and how each aligns with the electric/ligand/crystal field surrounding the atomic center. Because of this, we can predict how an atom will behave based on the geometry of its surroundings.

>>9685324
go back

>>9685292
guassian alternatives?

>>9685324
please leave and never return, you are literal cancer, suicide recommended.

>>9685346
You mix the lysergic acid with methamphetamine to braingobye

>>9685292
Field was too hardcore for me, if you could do it over again would you study chem again or pick something else? What? What about jobs with just a bachelors?

>>9687435
Thank you based Chemical Man, also are all those folders yours, if so you are quite well learned

>>9685292
Why aren't intrinsic self healing polymers used in aerospace, and when could we expect to have autonomously self healing composites in everything made of plastic?

>>9690789
orca

>>9685514
>>9687675
>>9690270
>>9690812
falling for 2nd degree irony

>>9685292
How does electrochemical synthesis of polymers work? How do you do it? I know you're supposed to use an electrochemical cell but I can't find much info online about the specifics of it (as in what you need, how it works, the components, how to use it, etc) so an explanation would be really helpful.

Should I follow my heart and go the route of the organic/organometallic chemist or go the rational/more practical route of the analytical chemist? Ideally I'd get either a PhD in the former, MSc in the latter.

>>9691811
You should go organic. OP is just a retard.

Analytical chemistry is only good for menial labor. Biochemistry can be okay if you're top tier, like BS/PhD from an Ivy league school and a post-doc with someone who publishes in Nature/Science all the time. Inorganic and Physical are meme-tier, much better off getting a PhD in engineering with a focus on either inorganic or physical type chemistry.

Big pharma is huge, and there's always jobs for organic chemists - especially if you're young and able to hop around from San Francisco, San Diego, and Boston.

>>9685410

Cool, my final year undergrad project was on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. Was really interesting stuff, but that was years ago and I haven’t really kept up to date about the latest theory and applications.

>>9691857
tfw computational chem
tfw glorified IT nigger

>>9685420
Can confirm. Had an undergrad in biomedical engineering where I did research for a prof with dual appointments in BME and MechE. Got admitted to MechE for a master's and later a PhD on Fellowship+Research Assistantship based on him knowing I was competent. Published 11 papers and got 5 patents, despite having a consistently low GPA of around a 3.1

>>9685292
What is the tree wood made of?

>>9685292
What books did you read in your field, starting from the basics all the way to your post grad

>>9685292

How far are we into nanomachinery? Is majoring in physics viable if I want to work in the field?

>>9686199
This may sound retarded but what if hooked a tether to the moon and just pulled our self up from the lower stratosphere out into to space

>>9691091
Tuning polymers to work in a wide variety of temperatures and pressures is a big challenge. Trying to be longterm, while also having highly efficient self-healing. The biggest issue is having more than one healing event, but I think overcoming that and issues with glass transition temps will be possible as current research continues.

>>9686140
>Loved organic but inorganic made me want to bash my head in.

>>9685374
That sounds depressing af

>actually wants to be a prof or government employee

>>9692332
Professors usually make anywhere from 100k to over 1m depending on how much money they can bring to the university. You need to be a perfect student to become a professor, and you need to actually do something big if you want to make more than 80k a year.

>>9685324
everyone shitting on this but 4chan language is real. who doesn't like shitposting and saying whatever comes to mind?

>>9685292
What crystals are those?

>>9692332
yeah bc insane job security, laid back atmosphere, and premium benefits are so depressing

Has anyone heard of taking a chemical engineering course as a graduate student in chem? I'm starting grad school in the fall and looking at some courses offered. I want to take a polymer chemistry course but it's offered by the Cheme department instead.

>>9685292
whats the deal with them nanoparticules in m&m's

How do you survive inorganic chemistry? I'm a 3rd year master's student and the inorganic is so fucking painful. It feels like a trivia quiz instead of a real science. How do you learn all that shit in a logical way?

what do you know about eutectics?

>>9693196
what kind of masters has 3 years, are you in burgerland?

>>9693839
I'm in britbongistan year 3/4

>>9693920
and how many years is a bsc?

how long is a big fat wet dong wrapped in a dry towel that has sand on it?

>>9694161
ask your mum

>>9685319
because you're a faggot

I'm doing my PhD in computational chem. Any idea how the job market is for that, if I don't want t be a prof?

>>9694806
>I'm doing my PhD in computational chem
RIP
>job market
ahahahahahahahahahahahaha

>>9685324
Go back where you came from. You don't belong here.

>>9685292
What will you do with Deep Learning makes chemists obsolete?

>>9694806
There will always be people getting PhDs in chemistry so you don't have to worry about finding an assistant job.

>>9693995
3 but I'm on a master's course

Sorry anons I was unable to answer questions for the last few days i'll try to get to them in order

>>9685811
I'm not sure I understand the question

can you elaborate?

>>9692270
That is basically a fancy sky hook. If it gets too low into earth's atmosphere its own mass will destroy it.

You don't need the moon to build a space hook, it is only complicating things.

p.s. this was not a chemistry question

>>9692298
good answer

>>9692366
This is typically at ivy league US schools and the competition is even worse.

However, anon does have a point. Some schools will even pay you more for publishing more articles and publishing in higher impact journals.

Additionally, all profs can consult for industry. This is very lucrative.

>>9692375
:)

>>9692332
It may seem daunting at first, but once you get as far as I am you realise that it isn't that hard to do.
Government is slow and can take years to get into applying several times, and who you know is really really really important.

For schools, the #1 thing you need to demonstrate is that you CAN write successful grants and you WILL bring in money. Money is 1, science is 2. It is the sad state, but either learn the game or do something else.

Worst case scenario, you fail to get in with government or at a university and end up working for industry and make way more money.

>>9692412
Sorry anon I stole them from an image search
"metal nanoparticles"

The picture didn't include a description

>>9692959
Yes this is quite common.

>>9692970
I have never heard of this
Do you have a source?

>>9693196
Inorganic chem can get very complicated very fast.

You'll have to be more specific for me to give you advice.

Inorganic chem starts with an understanding of symmetry of molecules and the ability to determine their point group. If you can 't do this, you cannot move forward.

>>9693210
More than most chemists

less than engineers who work in metallurgy.

>>9694806
Good actually

Most departments have at least one computational chemist as a professor.

Small university research groups usually make the experimentalists do the simulations, but to be honest we don't really know what we are doing. (myself included)

Your best bet is to find groups that need a computational chemist, or work for one and collaborate with other groups, or try to get involved in large government/industrial groups because they need people like you.

>>9694851
High level science requires creativity so we are not going to be first on the chopping block if the singularity ever happens.

If I lose my job to a computer, then there will be no jobs left and we will have moved into a new paradigm or human civilization.

>>9686994
Not entirely accurate

some processes that can be easily driven by an electric potential require extreme conditions to so otherwise. However, many intermediates are not accessible in such harsh systems. Electro-chemistry can provide a unique physical path to many compounds and structures and intermediate oxidation states.

>>9687035
pffft

>>9687671
This

>>9687448
I find it boring and requires too much memorization.

Also, I do not enjoy the physical experimental side of it.

If you didn't do 13 individual steps and the product wasn't a white or off yellow crystalline product you probably fucked up.

I prefer the interesting properties of nanomaterials.

>>9688663
Canada

but I get why you might think that, I applied to several labs in Scandinavia

>>9695736
Is a polymer chemistry course taught in a similar way to orgo or no? I also disliked orgo

>>9685338
>>9686020
>uncle festers guide to lsd

>>9688678
The shape of the molecule and the relative energy of the d-orbitals depends on the metal center, the strength of the ligands and even the solvent they are in. Look up the electrochemical series.

The separation between the two levels determines if it will be high spin or low spin (i.e. fill the low energy orbitals first or all of them evenly).

Tetrahedral configurations typically go high spin, and octahedral typically go low spin, but there are many exceptions.

>>9688719
Yes, the control of crystal facets for metal particles works by a competitive adsorption of metal ions and a capping agent (polymer or small molecule) By tuning these you can control what face is dominant.

>>9686122
dubs of truth
Basically you just need to understand
>how radicals work
>NMR spectrum
>different bases/acids and how they work on orbitals
>the effect steric hinderance, antiomers and isomers

>>9689844
The way I did organic was to have all the moieties, compounds and reactions I needed on two lists.
One the names, the other the structures.

I would only look at one and try to write out the other one. Then I would repeat that over and over. It worked I got an A+

I don't like organic much personally.

Just make sure you also fundamentally understand elimination and substitution reactions (E1 E2, SN1, SN2) and all the effects resonance has on reactivity and properties (such as electron withdrawing/donating, and interaction with photons)

>>9690989
If I could do it over again I would have finished my math degree first then done chem.

I'm not sure about bachelor jobs, i was offered really shitty jobs with my BSc Hons. It seems most people don't even use their bachelor degrees in science.,


However, environmental science would be cool because of the flexibility in where you can live and how stupidly easy it is.

>>9691857
>Inorganic and Physical are meme-tier,

You have absolutely no idea what you are talking about

>>9695740
It depends.

If you are taking polymer composites and properties then no

if you are taking polymer synthesis then yes.

>>9687500
>The whole point is to store the energy from going down to power the next ride up.

None of this addresses the problem that the elevator will break.

Nanoscience isn't magic

>>9691857
>Inorganic and Physical are meme-tier

I fear me your cerebrum is meme tier

>>9685292
Troglodyte first year college fag here, needed a science credit not attached to a lab. Took astronomy, when talking about nuclear fusion in stars he said something roughly along the lines of nuclear fusion starts with hydrogen then after time stars fussion with helium then neon then oxygen then iron. Did he misspeak, if not why dosent oxeygen fusion happen before neon.

Currently an analytical chemist, biochem undergrad, how long do I stay as chemist before going for molecular dynamics Grad school. How is molecular dynamics for PhD and what can I be doing in the meantime to improve chances of acceptance.

>>9685292
If asked to find the pH at the equivalence point given the following options:
Greater than 7, less than 7, equal to 7, equal to 14, equal to 1.0.
For the following problem:
0.050M of NaOH and 0.50M HCl

>>9685324
Damn dude, you gay. Go back to gayddit and kys

>>9695766
Yes I do.
>>9696036
Interesting, might want to double check your English next time.

Both specialties are just academic circle-jerks. Most jobs in industry require far less education. You can bash Engineers all you want, but they can do any industry job a physical or inorganic chemist can do - and they start 5 years earlier. So basically by the time you finish that PhD and feel so accomplished, you'll be far behind the guy with 5 years industry experience, maybe even be managed by him.

>>9696637
> you'll be far behind the guy with 5 years industry experience, maybe even be managed by him.
except people without PhDs dont get promoted and hit a hard pay ceiling of like 80-100k pretty early on in their career. If a dude with an inorganic chem PhD is being managed by a dude with a BS, he's extremely overqualified

>>9685292

Is Zinc a transition metal?

>>9696642
Not really. A PhD in those fields is almost completely worthless to industry. An engineer with 5 years experience in industrial coatings, just as an example, is FAR more qualified then an Inorganic/Physical Chemist with a PhD.

This is true for almost any job in industry for I/P Chemists with PhD's. Most of the time they just end up rotting away in a post-doc or completely fold and move into analytical chemistry for chump change. The top tier can get comfy tenure track professor positions, which honestly is an okay way to go - even though the pay will always pale in comparison to industry.

>>9685407

nanoparticle chemist here, 12 papers is damn impressive.

did you go for high impact journals (say IF = 10 or over), or just look to land them quickly somewhere more modest?

>>9696841
>A PhD in those fields is almost completely worthless to industry
Again
you don't know what you are talking about

PhDs are very valuable. Hence my buddy (PhD chem) started his first job in you guessed it, inorganic chemistry making $110K a year.

>>9685292
Is chemistry just applied physics?

>>9685292
What's your IQ, and why are you better than everyone?

>>9696469
Do well on your LSATs

>>9686351
Ask Gigga nigga Terrence Tao

>>9696984
My article impacts range from low (ChemPhysChem, Appl. Phys. A.) some mid range stuff (Phys Chem C, Nanoscale, J. Mater. Chem. A) and some ~10 impacts like J. Phys Chem Lett, and Angewandte Chemie.

I did end up with a fairly diverse set of journals I have published in.

Always aim high. If it gets rejected then drop down a tier.
I almost got one in ACS Nano, but it was rejected on the grounds of being too specialized.

>>9697004
145

I'm doing well because I also am emotionally intelligent, I understand how the bureaucracy works, I know how to write successful grants, and I am excellent in identifying and dealing with political landscapes. The last two points are far more important than being good at experiments.

>>9697002
Yes, in the same sense that physics is just applied math.

This line of thinking is called reductionism and is not very useful.

>>9696738
Yes

>>9696229
The types of fusion processes that occur in stars depends on the age of the star, when the star was formed and how large it is.

However, Neon then Oxygen doesn't make much sense.

Perhaps he was referring to the CNO cycle and meant to say Nitrogen
see here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNO_cycle

Is it too late to go back to school at 27?

>>9696469
The best way to increase your chances of getting into grad school is to find a professor who wants you in their lab.

They can put pressure on the department to accept you, provided you meet the minimum requirements.

Even still, most schools offer a 'qualifying year or term' if you do not meet minimum requirements which you can only get into if a professor wants you

>>9697021
What's the difference between physical chemistry and chemical physics? What makes chemistry a distinct field from physics, since they both describe how matter and such interact?

>>9697032
Undergrad or grad?

>>9697036
undergrad

>>9697035
Chemistry is the study of atoms and molecules while physics is the study of fundamental forces of nature. They are obviously related, but not identical.

For example, if you study how a laser interacts with molecules to learn more about the behaviour, structure and properties of the molecules you are probably a chemist. If you do it to learn more about how photons behave in certain situations you are probably a physicist.

I think of physical chemistry and chemical physics as two different view points of the same system. That one gets me, because concepts such as molecular motion and mean free path are all chemistry to me, but could easily fall into chemical physics.

>>9697043
Only do it if you are passionate about it anon.

Bachelor programs are tedious and full of bullshit. I hated undergrad until 3rd year when I took experimental nanoscience.

>>9696500
I'm not here to do your homework
read this
https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/howtosolveit/Equilibrium/Calculating_pHandpOH.htm

>>9697019
What does knowing about politics or "emotional intelligence" have to do with having a PhD in Chemistry and outsmarting brainlets on the street with your superior intellect.

With an IQ of 145, you can see and understand things most of us could only dream of. Use your superior skills to leave everyone inferior in the dust and obtain loads of money and prestige. It's okay to be smug when you're so smart.

>>9686351

Fuck around with a Taylor series.

>>9697063
You still have to work with real people when you're a scientist anon. Collaboration is very important to a successful career, so yes emotional intelligence is valuable.

To clarify I don't mean Trump MAGA politics. I mean the politics of publishing, getting funding, and understanding what is happening in the scientific community and within your sub-field. Editors and reviewers are other scientists, they have their own agendas and they often have big ego's. Funding agencies have mandates and they are more often than not politically driven. Understanding these relationships is invaluable.

>>9697074
You're a genius, or at least very close to being one. You can do all your research and work by yourself, maybe with a few underlings (as long as you make sure they don't steal credit for your hard work and genius).

You simply have to trick the dolts you work for into giving you the funding and time to finish the work you care about.

Tricking moronic business major brainlets into giving you what you want shouldn't be such a hard task.

You do have a 145 IQ after all. You have a PhD in Chemistry dude. You should be running the organization, not some idiot who can't even grasp Calc 1.

>>9697095
t. undergrad

>>9697100
You said you had a PhD in a previous post

>>9697103
I'm not him, he even has a name to make it easy for you brainlet

>>9697095
I get what you are saying but there are few things you have not considered.

1. When I go to work ~30% of the people around me also have a PhD and another 40% are PhD candidates. So I only stand out because of reasons that I mentioned earlier (especially emotional and social intelligence)

2. Never underestimate how powerful the bureaucracy is. Ever.

3. I am not exaggerating when I say collaboration is extremely important. I may be smart but I am only 1 person. I simply cannot do everything and I do not have the time to learn everything. I need experts in other fields and people to do high quality work with me (me ordering undergrads around does not get quality work done). Again, emotional intelligence is a valuable tool when dealing with other people.

The higher you go the less it is about science. This is an unfortunate reality, but it is the world we live in.

>>9697107
This guy is the real brainlet, I bet his IQ is sub 120

>>9697108
I like how you're just letting this dude stroke your ego lol

>>9697108
Don't you wish you could just cast aside all the stupid people? Get rid of all the dumb poly-sci and philosophy majors? Put the business major brainlets in their place?

If all these people were to just disappear and be replaced by people with high IQs, the world would be so much more logical and better run.

>>9697122
Feels good bro,

but really I came here to answer questions.... no matter how dumb or misguided.

Additionally, I recently started giving career talks to chem grad students. Turns out, most universities don't give two fucks about preparing students for how to find jobs or start their career. (this includes my own university)

Maybe some lurkers will learn something valuable.

>>9697134
Do you really feel superior to everyone around you?

>>9697133
Honestly, I used to think so.

When I was 12, I decided that people should only be able to use technology they understood on a fundamental level (I was really into how the electron gun in a CRT TV worked at the time). Which basically meant only me and my dad were allowed the use the TV. Not surprisingly, I was outvoted by the rest of the family and learned the power of politics.


These days, I don't know. Intelligence is not correlated with being a good person so I don't hate dumb people. I hate shitty people, and many of those people are very intelligent. The problem is, shitty smart people are just more effective at causing damage.


however, I am still surprised at how unbelievably stupid the masses can be.

>>9697148
No

I'm smarter, but I am still a flawed human being, a single person who will eventually die.

I'm happy that I am so intelligent, but being 'better' is a subjective concept.

I have my own problems and imperfections, I just happen to be more aware of them and their intricacies than most.

Also stupid people often seem happier to me.

>>9697150
What good is some business major who cares only about riches when people like you exist?

>>9685319
r e d d i t

>>9697154
I worry that I'm not smart enough, not because I'm afraid I won't be able to do some particular task or occupation, but because I want to validate my own existence.

I feel like if only my IQ was in the 99th percentile, then I would be able to understand complex things and concepts, and in turn, justify my own misanthropy and feelings of superiority over the "masses".

>>9697171
I don't know what to tell you anon except that most highly intelligent people I know typically deal with addiction and depression problems.
I was incredibly depressed in high-school because I was very aware of the state of the world and the folly of unbridled consumerism coupled with our exponentially increasing population. Being depressed doesn't help anything or anybody.


Being smarter doesn't fix your life. My biggest hurdle is and always has been motivation. I can do anything, but I still have to do it.

If you are sub 100 IQ then you should seek a simpler life, but otherwise the most valuable attributes you can have are motivation and a good work ethic, and if you want to be a good person; empathy.

>>9697154
>I have my own problems and imperfections
And chief among them, reddit spacing.

>>9696637
>might want to double check your English next time.

you don't read that much, do you

>>9697183
I might kill myself because of my average IQ

What's the point of living if you can't even fully appreciate the nuances of life?

Why bother being depressed if you aren't smart?

I'm one year and a week away from graduating university with a BS in chem and a BS in phys. Basically my plan is to study everything about chemistry and physics over the summer to prepare myself for grad school. I've already completed all my chemistry courses except biochem which I'm opting out of and an analytical chemistry lab course in order to get my chemistry BS (I'm also going to take a graduate inorganic course next fall, and some other graduate course for the spring semester). I'm short on quantum mechanics (both semesters), an advanced physics lab, and another physics elective course to graduate with a BS in physics.

Basically, I want to do something related to materials science (I currently do semi-conductors for research). So this summer I'm going to be stuck at school so I'll have no choice but to do nothing or study all day (while I'm not in my research lab). For studying, I feel confident on inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, electrodynamics, thermodynamics, classical mechanics, but I'm very behind on organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, and quantum mechanics (I don't remember any organic chemistry at all, I found analytical incredibly boring, and quantum mechanics is just insanely difficult).

So what I'm asking is, (and I'm trying to get as much input from as many people as I can) should I focus on preparing myself to regurgitate my entire undergraduate degree, or should I focus on mastering only the subjects that I'm interested in and know a lot about? More specifically what I would like to do is to simply leave out organic chemistry and analytical chemistry (including electrochemistry) and just focus on everything else.

Should I not do that?

>>9697203
Why read literature when I could be spending my time doing left brain intensive tasks, such as working on engineering problems, stuff a brainlet like you wouldn't even know how to tackle.

>>9697241
You cannot experience everything in one lifetime anon

Even if you can't see all the details, by not trying you are missing everything

>>9697241
IQ, aside from being a meme for brainlets, is really a measure of learning capacity. Assuming you are low IQ as your posts suggest, you can still gain an understanding of the world, it will just take more time. There will be things you just won't understand, but those are likely less common than you think. (By this I mean the meme that everyone can learn everything is dumb, we can't all be mochizuki)

>>9697252
Reading is for assholes

>>9697257
*learning speed
not sure why I said capacity since that kind of makes the opposite point

>>9697246
You're gonna have to know everything for your career. I'd spend your time brushing up on every subject you can over the summer, because you're gonna be looking at a world of hurt come September.

And If you find quantum mechanics difficult to grasp, then I've got bad news for you dude...

You might want to consider becoming a high school physics teacher instead man. You might not be cut out for the cut throat world of real STEM.

>>9697263
Kill yourself.

>>9697257
>>9697260
Most psychologists would disagree with you. IQ tests a number of things that all correlate with the 'g' factor.

Did I really seem 'average' or 'dumb' from my post?

>>9697266
You're just an angry brainlet

>>9697246
Difficult to say anon.

You should first gather as much information about the entrance exams and what is required of you to gain admission to each school before you decide what to study.

Get to know profs, and find one that wants you to work for them. This is the more important thing you can do.

I don't know where you are applying but consider smaller departments. Most grants are competitive and in a smaller department you can be the big fish in a small pond. It is far better than being the average fish in a huge pond.

Second, a smaller department will force you to learn more (not bottom of the barrel). You want equipment? You will have to learn how to build and fix it. If you go to top tier, you run the danger of becoming a button pusher who gets an output you don't fundamentally understand. Also technicians will do most of the real work for you and you'll never learn anything.

>>9697263
>You're gonna have to know everything for your career.

This is simply not true.
Often entrance exam swill require you to have a well rounded undergraduate understanding, but if you don't do organic chemistry for example, you won't have to know it later in your career.

People specialize for a reason.

>>9697267
>most psychologists would disagree with you
Good thing they aren't scientists, and they don't matter.
Yes you seem dumb because you're spooked by the idea that knowledge of "the world" (whatever that means) is important

>>9697278
Being "intelligent" matters to me anon. If I can't be at least somewhat like Mochizuki, what's the point?

And psychologists can correlate success with IQ scores.

Intelligence might just be one of those things that is hard to define, but easy to recognize when you see it, if you catch my drift?

>>9697274
>>9697277
You have to learn how to do most things on your own. If you're not gonna be the best, don't bother.

Like I said, you could always just teach High School physics if you're not up for the cut throat world of STEM.

I highly doubt anyone obsessed over IQ and their own inferiority would be able to make it in any capacity in the sciences, which are already full of people with depression and imposter syndrome.

>>9697290
Most people don't do anything anyway in STEM. Most people just aren't Terrence Tao or Mochizuki or Grigori Perelman.

We can't all be blessed with the superior intelligence of those brilliant men.

>>9697285
Most math phds can't be like mochizuki. Anyone with an IQ above 110 can understand enough about the universe to feel fulfilled. You don't need to know interuniversal teichmuller theory, it's barely relevant to real life. knowing the nuances of every corner of every discipline is pointless. Get over your stupid obsession, it's holding you back, and killing yourself will just plunge you into a void with no understanding

>>9697293
Yeah, with that attitude you have no place in STEM anyways.

>>9697295
What's your IQ? How do you validate your existence and feel satisfied with your pursuits when you know others will look at you as an idiot?

>>9697297
Nor does anyone on this board moron. If you're not doing revolutionary work, then you're just wasting time. Everyone here should be managing a McDonald's.

Do you know someone who went to a high-tier uni for a year as an exchange student and if so, how did they do it?

My BSc in chemistry was average at best, but my thesis was the best of the year and I'm currently involved in a project which is a joint-venture with a prestigious prof. I'm hoping that I'll somehow get in contact with him so that he can send me to Harvard for a year (he did his post-doc there) during my MSc. Is my plan realistic?

>>9697320
I don't know my IQ, but I've done very well in academia, particularly in mathematics, often with little effort. So I'm above average I suppose. I don't care if others will look at me like an idiot (they won't) because I'm not spooked
>mfw people actually care about validation and fulfillment

>>9697352
I haven't done anything with my life and won't be able to do much since the only part of my IQ score that was good was my verbal intelligence

>>9697383
That's probably the one that is least able to be trained, so just pick up a math book and go to a community college or something. I and most of my colleagues started at community college, I've found the education is better there because the teachers aren't indians who hate their jobs. Take advice from someone allegedly smarter than you and stop being a brooding angsty faggot

>>9697383
Verbal intelligence is necessary for higher math. Actually it's more important than spatial reasoning.