/sci/ - Science & Math

>>10345994
Penile transplant

Deep freeze surgeries
>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8024991/Patients-to-be-frozen-into-state-of-suspended-animation-for-surgery.html
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_hypothermic_circulatory_arrest
>patients blood is replaced with antifreeze gel
>legally dead for the length of the procedure
>slowly re-heated afterward

also compression chambers to heal lacerations and major rips and tears
>https://airsoak.com/product/healix/?gclid=Cj0KCQiA1sriBRD-ARIsABYdwwEPEDhYvbnjwYed4XEvEcQ8dbjd9mb89JeVnjCNtUY9griUFBkrODAaAinkEALw_wcB
>https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/neurological/hyperbaric_oxygen_therapy_for_wound_healing_135,44
>actual tank pumped with air
>air pressure squeezes your whole body
>chemical reactions happen faster under higher pressure
>your body heals itself at super human speeds

>>10346008
I'm going to have get that soon.

any of yall know how i can get more neurons in my brain?

>>10345994
Medicine is primitive still.

>>10346074
okay retard.

>>10346089
t. Not a physician and a patient who thinks everything is fine, all pathogenes established, all tests reliable wanting to pretend it isn't just guess work at the end of the day.

>>10346063
Intermitent 3 day fasting

>>10346089
>resorts to ad hominems because he doesn't like the premise
extreme brainletism detected.

Guys help, how do I stop breathing manually and go back to doing it automatically

>>10346100
prayer

>>10346094
source?

>>10346098
Whatever you say bucko.

>What's the cutting edge of medical research today?
Autoimmune diseases: do they really exist?

>>10346103
Seriously though

>>10346092
That only applies to spook specialties like psychiatry and oncology

>>10346183
And dermatology. And neurology. And...

>>10346188
Really any specialty except orthopedics, oral and maxillo-facial surgery and plastic surgery.

>>10346183
It applies to everything in medicine except orthopedics.

redpill me on neuralink /b/ros

>>10346209
>oral and maxillo-facial surgery
No, that has its mysteries as well. Dental stuff can be weird, you can have something like idiopathic internal resorption, doesn't show up on (most) x-rays, is unknown what caused it (usually follows a mix of trauma and viral infection and is something to do with the immune system), and is a pain to stop.

>>10345994
Better ways of keeping track of people who owe them money and ways to get more people hooked on drugs which can cause other problems they can "treat".

>>10346183
Psychiatry is the only the 'non-spook' specialty, pathogeneses and treatments are extremely open, off-label treatment is the highest of any field, and there is the most room for debate, and often consensus is lacking. "I know that I know nothing" is much less of a phantasm than professing to have the solution for everything. Psychopharmacologists long once proposed a 5-HT deficiency for depression which was fiercely debated some decade or two later, and is now by and large seen as obsolete. Any other field, raising even the slightest qualm about well established doctrine, you face social sanctions, you face employment discrimination, you risk being labeled a 'quack', you risk all sorts of consequences for showing that the emperor has no clothes .For instance, cardiologists who raised issues regarding Brown–Goldstein hypothesis of cholesterol some years later became pariahs, only to be vindicated within these past few years, yet, statins and the whole theory remains so widespread that nobody even considers questioning it and statin prescriptions abound, often causing harm at zero benefit.
Psychiatrists at least know it's a rough tool, imperfect. The only people who glorify psychiatry as being "perfect" are themselves not psychiatrists. Case in point, Jordan Peterson. Just watch him speak of antidepressants. Totally ignorant of their efficacy. "they work bucko, LMAO serotonin deficiency explains everything bro!" He just sounds like a patient experiencing placebo effect and is himself willfully ignorant that psychiatry and alas medicine as a whole is not the magic bullet everyone reckons it to be.

>>10346530
Good post Tbh

Is aging research a complete meme?
And what's with everyone being excited about biochem and biotech nowadays?

>>10346015
good post anon

>>10347477
every research except AI is a meme
once we get AI all problems will be solved or it will destroy us. doesnt matter, AI is just a question of time, so we should speed it up and finally flip the coin

Regenerative medicine, Strategies for engineered
negligible senescence (SENS)

>>10347477
Aging research isn't a meme. Aging is quite complicated and we are barely uncovering the tip of it now. For example, over time you acquire a significant amount of mutations in your DNA, which causes the chemical make up of proteins to change (maybe?). Your physiological systems start to perform less optimally. Would reversing these mutations reverse the aging process? Or is aging caused by another mechanisms that is mutation-independent.

how far are we from being able to regenerate foreskins anons

Aren't there a lot of relatively widespread, but non life threatening diseases/pathologies that physicians know about but have few ideas on where they come from or how to them?
What are the most noteworthy ones? I'm talking about stuff that stays, not temporary pathogens like the common cold.

>>10348879
Just pick any common disease and it'll probably fit your criteria. Type II diabetes, obesity, headaches, irritable bowel disease, atherosclerosis, etc.

>>10349047
So why aren't these very common, very annoying things not fixed yet? What is it that makes finding a reliable, definite treatment so complicated?

>>10349053
Exploratory research is limited to cadavers and exhaustive experimental research requiring termination of subject is limited to animals due to bodily integrity , human rights, and all that jazz. If we had a stock of healthy humans bred, C57BL/6 , maintained, and utilized for experiments we would see medicine progress rapidly upon maturation. Even using prisoners for medical research for acute afflictions like infectious diseases would rapidly expedite our understanding and the development of treatments for them. To what end I ask myself sometimes. Perhaps the pious Christians are right. Look around. What does man do with his life? Wastes it. Hedonism. Slave to habit. Medical progress, especially medical progress at great human toll, without addressing our failings as humans is meaningless. It would only serve to perpetuate civilization for another few hundred years, only to decay in the midst of wanton profligacy, a pathetic existence.

Molecular Biology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9HmQj74Z5Xk

>>10346530
you were completely credible until you referred to jordan peterson as a psychiatrist. ive never even heard him speak and i know that he has a phd, not an md

>>10349666
Next time, make sure you read the post correctly before you comment.

Also lads, how do I cure hypochondria? I am obsessed with monitoring my vitals and tracking any minor symptom I may come across that day.

>>10349053
>So why aren't these very common, very annoying things not fixed yet?
Human science is still super early days. If you equated it to global exploration it would look like a an early map which only has rough outlines of countries in the wrong shape and with nothing filled in of the middle and places like Australia don't even show up yet.

>>10346110
???? Ofcourse they fucking do.
>>10349756
Psychoterapy. There have been tries with SSRIs, but with questionable results.
>>10345994
Immunology has been getting really advanced in recent years.

>>10346105
4chan retard

>>10346485
>mandibular molar spontaneously manifests itself on a 60yo patient after wearing total dentures for two weeks
true story

>>10350092
>Ofcourse they fucking do.
Not in the minds of most doctors.

>>10346485
>>10350104
You guys dental dudes? I have a tooth (upper left second premolar) which needs an extraction or root canal if I can find a game enough dentist (the initial one I saw was public and said that the public system wouldn't cover it because it wouldn't have enough structure left to justify doing a root canal over an extraction).
There's a cyst or abscess or whatever the fuck above it. Anything I can do to keep that shit from getting nasty while I save up the funds for a private dentist?

>>10350120
It really depends of the total tooth destruction.
we really need a picture of the tooth and xray of the root to judge.
if there is still some crown left and the tooth does not move when you push on it,it can be salvaged.
cysts can be surgically removed or endodontically treated but its a long,long process that may fail and you again end in tooth extraction.

did you take antibiotics?
in that case you probably had abscess and filling the tooth with solution chlumsky and iodoform powder in 1 or 2 sessions could slow down the process of destruction and allow you to keep the tooth anywhere from few days to few years,it varies per individual but its cheap and worth the try.

>>10350138
I have two x-rays somewhere, I'll see if I can find them. A couple years ago it had a bad cavity which was right near the root but the dentist I saw reckoned I would be able to get away with a regular filling instead of root canal so that's what he did. The crown still seems solid as far as I can tell although it's all resin or whatever the old dentist filled it with. It's just the underneath that's fucked up and gives me some sensitivity to cold. No wiggling or anything.
Wasn't given any antibiotics.

>>10349666
>>10349756
>The only people who glorify psychiatry as being "perfect" are themselves not psychiatrists. Case in point, Jordan Peterson.
READ CAREFULLY.
Now again...
>are themselves NOT PSYCHIATRISTS
>Case in point, Jordan Peterson.
Idiot.
Learn to fucking read. I didn't say he was a psychiatrist. I even pointed out the fact that he wasn't TO make my very point. In his capacity as a patient and psychologist, he still opines on pharmacotherapy and makes it sound like its the greatest thing since sliced bread, and does so exactly because he isn't a psychiatrist but a a fan and patient of them, which is why I used him in my example. Jesus fucking christ. Even the fucking meme I used plain was showing the disconnect between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists and made it clear he wasn't a psychiatrist.

>>10350139
What you are describing is secondary caries and the cold sensitivity could come from the tissue surrounding the tooth or the pulp being open or close to being open.
Either way this is nothing special and is treatable unless there is something more happening on the xrays.

>>10350157
Kek

>>10346015
Interesting, thanks.

>>10349455
That's part of biology, not medicine specifically

>>10347498
How about a lazy ai that just plays vidya all day?

>>10345994

Optogenetics, gene modification, stem cell for testing uses, DNA synthesis, synthetic biology and automation, and protein synthesis and folding prediction

>>10349106
I actually work in a lab where we do behavioral stuff with rodents that have electrodes in brain as shown. I'm considering giving up the opportunity of pursuing a project regarding social behavior and addiction because I'm not necessarily convinced that the translational benefits are worth the lives and suffering of animals at stake. A lot of the work is really cutting edge like a project involving a new highly targeted optogentetic labeling technique that pretty much gets used exactly as shown in the diagram (except they're looking at mating instead of another lever reward). My project would involve narcotics and self-administration in these animals and even though my PI is on board with the experiments I've outlined, I'm suddenly having a moral dilemma over the justification for this and whether I'm chasing data and academic prestige over translatable, helpful research which is why I want to do this
tl;dr:
>Get extremely lucky as an undergrad
>find a well-ranked PI in my department willing to let me carry out a project in her lab
>Real possibility of publishing as an undergrad
>perfect path for honors thesis
>suddenly concerned that academia has created a publish-or-perish environment where people's entire careers are at stake and come before animal suffering or useful translatable info
>look up something like the glass-beads analogy to get an idea of my fear here

So I've been reading ethical papers back and forth on the issue and various stuff supporting/discrediting basic animal research benefits. We use techniques to analyze circuit level stuff that wouldn't be possible in humans or in vitro. Still I'm convinced maybe I should be looking into other alternatives instead of supporting more basic animal research with low benefit to people overall.

What do you guys think? Techniques are "cutting edge" but I can't say the ends are realistic. I have a lot of respect for my PI and they've published papers about increasing translatability but idk

>>10346015
>also compression chambers to heal lacerations and major rips and tears
does this mean you can get super /fit/ as well? imagine going in one of these after a workout to repair all the microtears in your muscles

>>10345994
apparently we are still eyeballing shit, my surgeon couldn't center my chin right after the second surgery.
you would think we could use computers and shit by now.

>>10352423
How long would it take to get ripped using one of those?

>>10345994
Penis transplants I hope.

>>10352423
Would be interesting, why not sleep in one?

>using AI to select genetically healthy babies to bring into the world

>>10345994

Automated surgery. They have machines that can do what a surgeon does now. The Da Vinci surgical instrument.

>>10347477
>>10347518
>>10348474
https://youtube.com/watch?v=SxEwI1bjZqU

>>10352420

Bro, we both know it's immoral but science is an industry which exists to make money for it's practioners. It's a a freak show and neuroscience is probably the worst.

>>10346110
Allergies and rheumatoid arthritis don't exist guys good job.

>>10353696
Bro fuck I gotta get out of this field or maybe just find a new lab I wanna contribute to society bro

>>10353506
>Da Vinci
>Automated surgery

Do you just enjoy talking out of your ass?

>>10345994
Single nucleotide mutation map/personalised medicine.

>>10353502
That won't work at all when we have no idea what causes the vast majority of disease in the first place.

>>10353911
The AI will correlate whole genomes with public health databases then we will know. Or we wont but the AI will and its output can be used to select embryos. Does not even need to be perfect, just better than chance, and genetic improvements will add up over time.

>>10345994
Immuno therapies and targeted therapies in cancer.
Also, robot assisted surgery.

god fucking damn it SCI please pump me full of morphine and cut my balls off I can't handle this shitt anymore I'M A FUCKING PEDOPHILE

>>10353736
It all feels futile until you produce a product that betters people's lives. As long as the goal is for helping human health and wellbeing, you shouldn't feel it's too unethical. After all, even if you fail, the negative results will prevent others from making the same mistakes.

>>10353978
I appreciate this anon. I'm thinking I might try focusing more on molecular techniques and data instead of making another behavioral model because at least there's not real current alternatives for doing that in vivo. I'm going to talk to my PI tomorrow and try to figure something out. Still, a project like that would require quite a few more surgeries and that stresses me out.

>>10354033
what's your major? What do you mean by surgeries? any tips on getting into labs and doing research?

>>10354078
Most of the time you just have to ask a professor to join his lab, assuming you are in university. Getting paid however is another story entirely.

>>10354084
yes but the anon in question is working much cooler stuff than the average beaker-washing undergrad.

>>10354078
I'm an undergrad in neuroscience, microbiology and biochem. I looked at different labs in my department and found one that interested me. Then I spent a week reading all the PIs papers and becoming immersed in the substance. I went into her office and pretty muched gushed over her work and probably embarrassed myself but she let me start coming to alb meetings. She thought I'd fuck off because I didn't have a grad student who wanted me working under them with no experiment but eventually she decided if I could come up with original experiments I could carry them out so I just dug through literature and came up with things relevant to my interest (drug addiction) that build on previous work of some other researchers in this field. We do brain surgeries to do optogenetic labeling and signalling (along with lesions and other more basic stuff) which involves using viral vectors to encode GfP expressing dopamine receptors to take precise snapshots of neuronal activity (this is the most interesting project). I've only done perfusion surgeries (end of life surgeries) where you inject the rodent with an OD of ketamine then pierce the heart with a needle and run formaldyhyde through its entire body before it technically dies to preserve all of the neurons w/ no damage is it was when it was alive for imaging. There's also de-ovexxing (taking out ovaries) which would likely be necessary for my project. I'd say I got really lucky but if you stay really enthusiastic, spend tens of hours reading literature in your field and kiss enough ass/try enough PIs, you should be able to find one. Everyone emails them but if you bite the bullet and just fucking go into their office you might have some luck. On the other hand, my blind enthusiasm and faith in the scientific method got me somewhere I'm morally conflicted about going on so really think about your choices here. Good luck anon

Please please help those who can't build muscle, I'd give anything to be able to build muscle. Big pharma could make a lot of money out of it if they found out how to enable everybody to build muscle

>>10352420
We need to use animal models until we are able to experiment directly on humans (prisoners, and eventually a a certain phenotype of man bred exclusively for experimentation).

Also how about muscle surgery? Why isn't this possible? Seems like it is my only hope now. Just open my arms and insert additional muscle in it. I am desperate.

>>10354132
I've heard my PI picks favorites and I'm a sophomore who doesn't really deserve this opportunity while there's smarter kids who have contributed more pretty much washing beakers in this lab. My PI did a TED talk so maybe you could say she really likes the validation from a undergrad who seems enamored with her and her work. I'm not sure but I think i'm lucky to be working under a PI And probably getting grant funding this summer so early.

>>10354159
Thank you anon that actually makes me feel better lel

>>10354154
Thanks. How did you balance research and triple majoring?

>>10354203
also, how the hell did you learn how to do rodent surgeries? Did your PI just let you go wild?

>>10354203
I'm only taking biochem to take a helpful for majors lab with it then I'm dropping it. MCDB and Neuroscience overlaps a lot and I have a lot of free time since I devoted all my time to hard drugs until like 6 months ago so now I'm just a fucking shut-in obsessed with school and research a lot of the time.
>>10354210
I'm still learning and now I'm not even sure I want to keep learning because its quite unsettling and I made a small handling mistake just helping with one that resulted in suffering for the animal that I can't get off my mind. Basically you observe for a while then do it yourself and that's not that uncommon for undergrads in animal research I don't think.

>>10353508
well then if it's so easy, then demonstrate it IRL.

>>10345994
>What's the cutting edge of medical research today?
Baby gene editing

https://youtu.be/qUiNG1iW4Ww

https://youtu.be/-GXP9xn0UHk

https://youtu.be/b0HvLaXOhEY

https://youtu.be/1qx7x8X9wLw


>>10354222 >>10354210 >>10354203 >>10354185 >>10354177 >>10354167 >>10354159 >>10354158 >>10354154 >>10354132 >>10354084 >>10354078

>>10354240
lol I've been following that story and related to him, wondering if there might come a time when the scientific community might be outraged by the type of experiments we carry out.

>>10354240
also my PI made the first transgenic version of the species we work with a few years ago and it just glowed green with GfP through the whole body lel

>>10354154
>>10354177
This exactly. PI's are like many other people and while they publish lots of research, rarely do they feel like a celebrity or anything. If you are truly excited about their work and show some competance, you will rise up quickly.

>>10353978

That's incredibly flawed reasoning built upon a faulty premise.

>>10354033

Why are you in a field you clearly view as immoral?

>>10354307
How is it flawed reasoning or built on a faulty premise? The point is, with research, the benefits of what you are doing are not always easily foreseen, and it is easy to get caught up in current costs without realizing future benefits.

>>10354318

The road to hell is paved with good intentions and the justification used in most animal research doesn't actually come out to be true. This is of course supposing that the reasoning justifies it to begin with which is debatable. I reject the idea the potential of benefiting humans always outweighs animal welfare.

I think neuroscience as a field in a twisted way demonstrates its own immorality given that it showcases that fundamental thinking operations of humans other mammal species are the same.

>>10354334
What’s extra ironic is that we’re studying the special empathic circuits and affiliation behaviors that this species displays.

>>10354353

Yea...you guys are sociopathic. There are tiers of animal research from being minimally invasive to very invasive and there are scales to the importance of benefiting humans.

This is obviously both highly invasisve and provides minimal benefit except for keeping the industry going.

>>10352423

>>10354246
It's the path of progress.
Controversial but Rewarding

>>10354249
Cool. ... It's that Green fluorescent protein from Jellyfish.
>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein
2 Japanese & 1 American won a 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
for making artificially Glowing Animals in Lab.

>>10354249
t. GFP

>>10354435
Yep just a different rodent.
I went to a party at her house and she had one taxidermied with green leds in the eyes as a keepsake and wedding topper.

>>10354432
We also use a lot of different fluorescent proteins (m cherry and some others) for in vivo real-time dopamine signaling imaging stuff. It’s pretty neat. My PI actually published this paper on transgenic models as a divergent model for translational stuff with humans that I found convincing but still I find it pretty lofty and irrelevant to clinical stuff possibly.

>>10346063
hNPC increases by taking harmines - not directly more neurons, but, like, come on

>>10354307
Because it's fascinating and I never even considered the moral aspect much until a few days ago.

>>10345994
Psychotherapy. Eventually we'll replace all psychiatric drugs with effective, empirically supported short- to mid-term psychotherapy regimens. Once we have a good understanding of neuroplasticity and how behaviors affect the brain there will be no reason to prescribe medication.

>>10354334
Well, I did not realize how practical the research neuroscience anon was doing at first glance. It does seem like the results would be less beneficial than the torture involved. For me, I work in drug development, so the benefits of animal testing feel much more clear.

>>10355009
a major goal here is to create a model for drug testing the could gauge it's impact on complex psycho-social factors and their underlying mechanisms. You might be right that it's totally irrelevant but it's not completely irrelevant. One part of me sees neuro research as completely infantile at this point with more to reap when there's enough information and one part of me sees this as a retarded industry as other people have pointed out. Would you guys drop a good opportunity over these moral concerns? I'd have to start from scratch on another lab probably washing dishes for a year or two but I want to do research to help humanity overall. I imagine I'd regret NOT doing what I really thought was right in the end. Trying to be vegetarian now lel what am I

>>10355039
kek I meant totally useless but not completely irrelevant hopefully

>>10355039
Well, I suppose if its for drug behaviors that is some very high potential research for helping people. Anyways, I suppose don't fret about it too much, you can only know so much and should you fail, even negative results will prevent people going down the same path. If you care about the animals and are even willing to go vegetarian, that's good. Don't let that empathy fade away. It's probably what put you in the medical field in the first place.

>>10355074
Thanks anon. I would like to think so but it's also possible I develop a new relatively useless model that ends up being used by others with thousands of these empathic animals. It's easy to lose empathy with enough time staring at "clinical" or scientific writing but actually working with animals sparks it right back on. .

Anyone want to give me some good examples of basic animal research resulting in important fundamental breakthroughs that translated to improving medical care? Maybe specifically in psychology/neuroscience? Do you guys think that the old rodent behavioral tests are still valuable if it helps us understand how gene expression/brain structure/pharmacology impact behavior?
I'm just thinking long and hard here and have half a mind to find another lab after some papers I've read.

>>10355393
>Anyone want to give me some good examples of basic animal research resulting in important fundamental breakthroughs that translated to improving medical care?
Look into the works of Bekesy on cochlear mechanics.

>>10355411
Nice to see that looking at this in a number of species (gerbil, squirrel, hamster, mouse, etc.) was actually useful and necessary, not just an excuse to publish more papers. I like to think if studying cochlear mechanics unlocked so much important information that was probably originally seen as esoteric or useless animal research. I like to think that understanding the brain will have a lot more to yield and justify all of this work in the end even if that's a fantasy.

>>10346015
my uncle did that when he got his tow amputated not too long ago

>>10346092
He's having a stroke, send help

>>10346530
This anon gets it

>>10353942
Seek psychological help now

>>10352423
>Not exclusively working out at 69x atmospheric pressure for maximum gains, pleb.

>>10350119
you wot?
never met a doctor that would claim they don't exist

>>10346063
Neurons only decrease over time, but the important thing is the synapses and consistency of the links between them, everyone has about 86 billion, that's a lot

>>10345994
>Adipose derived stem cell infusion regenerative therapy
>artifical organs
>neural interfaces/inplants

>>10354177
Are you at a top university?

>>10357593
Nope.
I actually just back from a talk where a similar behavioral study that I'm planning on with mice led to them finding an important gene related to plasticity involved in addiction and that encouraged me to keep pursuing this project. I just need to emotionally prepare myself for transcriptome analysis and analyzing all that fucking data.

>>10354177
I should actually restate that though, I don't really think my PI just strokes her ego and chooses favorites but I think you just need to have an earnest interest in what you're doing and continuing that in Grad-school. Imagine how few undergrads who come through actually end up going on to grad school and how many of those actually end up as PIs? A very small portion most likely. I wanted to study social deficits resulting from drug abuse and I think it was pretty obvious that applied to me lel. I think the people who say she chooses favorites are probably pre-med students who don't have real interest in doing research anyway and are just trying to get it on their resume.

>pharmaceutical companies are allowed to pay doctors' restaurant bills so that they shill a product of theirs
epic

Why is it that I still have hypochondria even though I am able to refute my own irrational assumptions about the physical symptoms I sometimes experience? Would it even help to get CBT when I am well aware of how irrational these beliefs and fears are?

>>10357941
How do you find out about talks like these? Is your uni an R1 research institution? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_research_universities_in_the_United_States#Universities_classified_as_%22R1:_Doctoral_Universities_%E2%80%93_Highest_Research_Activity%22

>>10345994

Obsidian scalpels.

>>10358600
Not really cool because obsidian leaves microscopic pieces of itself behind which sucks

>>10358600
obsidian scalpels are also brittle as fuck and break regularly throughout surgeries

>>10358600
>breaks into 1000 pieces in the middle of your patients heart

>>10346015
cutting edge article from 2010, havent seen this being used in the real world

>>10358600
wtf bros

>>10358451
Some hypochondriacs are like this. OCD people too. They realise how irrational they are, but they just can't help it. That's why these conditions cause great suffering in the patients. CBT has been reported to have the best results for hypochondria I think. SSRIs are tried, but with dissatisfactory results.

>>10345994
immunology inmho, is literally programable nano machines ready to go in your body

and crispr

>>10358463
It was just a job talkfor the neuroscience and mcdb departments where a lady went through the work she’s done in the past years hoping they’ll hire her. I don’t see why you’d have to be at a top ranked unifor this though, there’s thesis seminars with interesting findings every week.

>>10358463
Actually I didn’t even bother reading that list and didn’t realize the Uni I’m doing research at is R1 lel so yea you’re right.

>>10345994
Cutting off dicks and making them vaginas baby

Nothing. I have crohns and am treated with the same terrible meds my mother was in 1970. There have been tonnes of research advancements in terms of drug delivery, surgery improvements and more but nothing ever gets adopted.

Well HIV treatment has come a long way so well done to fags.