/sci/ - Science & Math

Good day /sci/

I have just started my study computing science, and it starts basic with simple
statements in PHP Java and Arduino. This is all nice and I get my way around.

Though, there is one thing bugging me
completely.. How does a chip on a PCB exactly recognize an 'IF' statement? I mean, I
know the essential principes of a PCB and I/O and therefor 'feedback' possibilities at differentials in certain I/O, but I don't know how
a chip can recognize and feedback whether something is I or O.

Also, how does a certain software turn simple
PCB bits feedback into English words with the possibility of recognisition of this certain
language... So from I/O towards ' System.out.println' ?

My school says these questions are hard to give since I just have to focus on working with
it for the first year and maybe give a focus towards such questions lateron.

But right now, without understanding this grey area I am dealing with I can't move on. I am
constantly shifting from my homework towards trying to understand the exact electronical
communication from PCB towards for example Netbeans.

Does anybody have any info or links on which
I find my rest in this? I need to have these
answers or my concentration-problems will increase.


Sorry if I may not have the best explanation or terms into expressing the issues, English is not my native and I am a bit chaotic.