/sci/ - Science & Math

>>16186992
section on the phase angle https://www.academia.edu/17135012/The_Geometry_of_Spacetime in here i think is quite pertinent.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%A9nard%E2%80%93Wiechert_potential

>. Linearity of Maxwell's equations in vacuum allows one to add both systems, so that the charges disappear: This trick allows Maxwell's equations to become linear in matter. Multiplying electric parameters of both problems by arbitrary real constants produces a coherent interaction of light with matter which generalizes Einstein's theory[5] which is now considered as founding theory of lasers [...] To compute energy, it is necessary to use the absolute fields which includes the zero point field; otherwise, an error appears, for instance in photon counting.

https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1349267
>Indeed, as was shown in the stationary case, the ABE is due tozero-field potentials, changing only the phase of the
wave function. The necessary condition for the ABE is the presence of zero-field potentials that cannot be
eliminated by gauge transformation.
The notion of zero-field (redundant) potentials was
first introduced for solving boundary problems in electrodynamics of anisotropic media [14–16] and is very
seldom encountered in the physics literature. The
authors of [17] argue that “electric and magnetic field
vectors cannot be expressed in terms of vector potentials” in anisotropic media. The conventional approach
to such problems was to use electric and magnetic field
strengths or, for zero scalar potentials, vector potentials
proportional to them as unknown functions (Coulomb
gauge). Such an approach turned out to exclude the
possibility of satisfying boundary conditions in anisotropic media due to the intrinsic structure of Maxwell’s
equations (see Section 2).
The use of electromagnetic potentials with nonzero
scalar potential in order to regularly satisfy boundary
conditions was first proposed by academician
Tikhonov in 1959 [18]. T

>>15849797
yes,
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6876131