/sci/ - Science & Math

What kind of maths is this and what will I need to learn to understand it?

Hey /sci/,

I'm a former archaeology student who has moved into the field of evolutionary neuroscience. I had the lowest-level math in high school and basic statistics for archaeology.

I'm writing my first paper and at this level I'm starting to encounter mathematics which at this point I don't need to understand, but in the coming years definitely will.

Where do I start? What kind of maths are involved? Where do I begin to end up understanding things like pic related, without any mathematical background?