/lit/ - Literature

Dunno, from what I've seen they're very rare and expensive

>>19228569
300 euros for Italian editions. There is no translation that I know of ever done.

>>19228373
If it doesn't include the story about the cardinal who fucks prostitutes, do not buy

>>19228834
I find it hilarious that Musso was so /lit/. Before he was head of Avanti! he had a panel where he would write literary criticism. Russian novels were his favorite.

>Bräuninger recounts a remarkable incident in which Mussolini invited the German – and incidentally Jewish – translator of Dante, Rudolf Borchardt, to a private audience in 1933, and quotes from Rudolf Borchardt’s Besuch bei Mussolini (Visit to Mussolini):

>'I could only be astonished that this man, the ruler of Italy, with all the burdens of the day’s work on his shoulders, found time to discuss with me the precise translation of individual words and expressions . . . He opened the first Canto and began to read. “That is a literal translation,” he remarked, and then said, “I understand it is written in a modern German style. Wait, what is this?” He pointed to a word he did not know, and I had to explain it to him. . . . Concentrated willpower and a positive sort of decisiveness mastered in large part the rounded and complete gestures of the kind one might expect from a dignitary of the Church or an aristocratic poet, reminding me of some pictures of the later Goethe. . . . Schlegel, Schelling, Hegel, King Johann of Saxony, Vossler, George – he made a brief appraisal of each. “Now to the fifth circle of the Inferno,” he exclaimed, adding rapidly and almost merrily, “Francesca da Remini.” . . . He went to the last stanzas, read out my German translation, then recited the original Italian verses from memory, read more German, and compared them exactly with the verses which he knew by heart. He pointed to a subtlety of tone in the Italian original and wanted to be sure that I had successfully reproduced it in German, reading out my German version slowly and carefully, with a strong but accurate pronunciation. Finally, he interrupted his own criticisms and suggestions by excusing himself, adding that he was only a layman and a mere reader. He closed the book, opened it once more, and finally closed it for good. “Thank you,” he said earnestly, and shook my hand warmly.' (p. 163)

>So much for the ignorant dictator! It would be interesting to know how many professors of Italian literature today could today offer an informed critique of a translation of Dante’s Inferno, citing stanzas by heart, let alone how many mere laymen and readers could do so. Bräuninger tells us that Mussolini was an avid reader of the Classics and a keen opera aficionado, something which tends to be ignored in post-war mainstream historical accounts.

>Much else tends to be downplayed as well, which Bräuninger highlights, including the enormous popularity of Mussolini’s economic and social policies.

Mussolini as an individual is my role model.

>>19228924
I think you posted this recently (or it was someone else?) right after I mentioned the cardinal story in another thread. Curious.

I hate the man, but sometimes I've been called a fascist for stating facts (=Mussolini wasn't "racist" in the same way Hitler was, in fact he criticized German racism and antisemitism. Benito himself didn't like Slavic minorities in Italy and oppressed them, way before Hitler even became Chancellor, but also stated that no "biologically pure races" exists. The first issue of "RACIAL PURITY" magazine was a debunk of that Mussolini interview with a (((journalist))) )

>>19228924
>>19229033
in modern italy according to recent polls, 60% of people have a negative view of him while 20% have a positive view and 20% have no opinion

>>19229046
Feel free to post source

>>19229033
>I hate the man
why?
>>19229046
who cares what the rabble think?

>>19229111
>literally Mussolini
>why do you hate him
???

>>19229205
Yes why do you hate him?

>>19229205
Yes why do you hate him?

>>19229205
yes explain yourself commie

>>19229220
Take a wild guess

>>19229248
>a*glo """communist"""
>an idiot and degenerate
>this is somehow surprising
???

>>19229248
Why do you assume anon is a commie and post a 'meme'? This isn't the kind of exchange I want in my thread.

—OP

>>19229251
Sorry but I have no idea what your picture is implying.

>>19229066
>Last month, a poll conducted by the Demos & Pi research institute looking at the correlation between public opinion of wartime dictator Benito Mussolini and voter intention in today’s election showed that out of the total 1,014 people interviewed, 19 per cent of voters of parties across the Italian political spectrum had a “positive or very positive” opinion of Mussolini. While 60 per cent saw him negatively, the remaining 21 per cent didn’t have an opinion.
https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16063594.italy-goes-polls-shadow-mussolini/
>>19229111
Indeed, no one's opinion of him matters. He is in heaven with God now.
>[Beatified] Carboni stated in her diary that once during prayer, she was visited by Benito Mussolini, former Italian dictator, who said to her: "purgatory is terrible for me because I waited until the last moment to repent." According to her, God later informed Carboni that Mussolini's soul entered Heaven.

>>19228373
In my mind world war two is still going on.

>>19229066
>Last month, a poll conducted by the Demos & Pi research institute looking at the correlation between public opinion of wartime dictator Benito Mussolini and voter intention in today’s election showed that out of the total 1,014 people interviewed, 19 per cent of voters of parties across the Italian political spectrum had a “positive or very positive” opinion of Mussolini. While 60 per cent saw him negatively, the remaining 21 per cent didn’t have an opinion.
https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/16063594.italy-goes-polls-shadow-mussolini/
>>19229111
Indeed, no one's opinion of him matters. He is in heaven with God now.
>Edvige wrote in her diary: “While I was praying in front of the Crucifix, a person appeared to me suddenly all in flames, a heard a voice say,
‘I am Benito Mussolini. The Lord has allowed me to come to you in order to get some relief from my sufferings in purgatory. I beg you as an act of charity to offer for me all your prayers, sufferings and humiliations for two years, if your director allows it. God’s mercy is infinite but so is His justice. One cannot enter Heaven until one has paid the last penny of the debt owed to Divine Justice. Purgatory is terrible for me because I waited until the last moment to repent.’

>On spring day in 1951, Jesus told me after Holy Communion: ‘This morning the soul of Benito Mussolini has entered into Heaven.’”

>>19229297
Like the Roman emperors before him he became a Christian nearly on his deathbed.

>>19229265
>Sorry but I have no idea what your picture is implying.
Exactly.
Learn something, and then we could maybe speak again.

That said, maybe you could try contacting Massimo Fini, Pietrangelo Buttafuoco, Vittorio Sgarbi. Renzo de Felice heirs, Giampaolo Pansa's too. They probably won't answer you, but if someone knows about "partial translations of Benito Mussolini's 'The Works' into English", it's them.

>>19229297
>Edvige
>literally a schizo
WHOA...

>>19229376
>literally beatified
ftfy

>>19229376
>Learn something, and then we could maybe speak again.
Why do you insist on being cryptic? Your picture can allude to multiple things.

>>19229390
Read something about Agostino Gemelli opinion of """"Saint Pio"""" and then come back.

Check also "Non abbiamo bisogno" while you're at it
>literally Jesus deputy on Earth

>>19229420
>"an ignorant and self-mutilating psychopath who exploited people's credulity"
nice opinion
>Non abbiamo bisogno
irrelevant. Mussolini is literally in Heaven

>>19229033
>I hate the man
You cannot hate someone you've never known.

>>19228373
I have been really interested in books about fascist ideology that is actually from the source. Been looking for books from Edmondo Rossoni and the Fascist Syndicalist. Can't find much in English. Unironically thinking about taking up Italian so I can try to read from the source, but I'm probably too much of a retard to pick it up.

>>19228373
I just found it in my library catalogue.

>>19229516
That is an Italian version. Z-library also has it. Looks like it's time to learn Italian.

>>19229515
A. James Gregor's work on the subject is the academic standard. The Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism is the best study on Fascist political thought. Edmondo Rossoni was a political figure though not an intellectual. He would be on the 'left'-wing of Fascism. He never quite abandoned the idea of class struggle. He voted Mussolini off in the grand council of fascism. I don't remember if he defected or not. He was also a freemason. Sergio Panunzino is also one of the chief theoreticians of Fascism. I don't know any of his works translated to English. Giovanni Gentile is the most rigorous philosopher of Fascism. The 'corporate' state is esentially a dynamic one. The idea was to govern with pragmatism and without ideology. This also entails having a dynamic economy— which in Fascist Italy the mode of economic organization changes around 4 times during the regime. During the Republic of Saló the Fascists began 'socialization' of the means of production. It never bore any fruit because the war was practically over.

I had a dream last night where I was discussing the nature of fascism with A. James Gregor. I'm not joking.

Please someone tell me what this means

>>19229251
What is this referencing?

>>19228373
>ywn crowdfund a series of English translations of Fascist texts starting with this

>>19229642
It was destined to be, anon. You must start producing academic works on fascism.

>>19230282
Synagogues in Italy

>>19229033
>Benito himself didn't like Slavic minorities in Italy
No shit. Same reason people everywhere don't like gypsies. They're repulsive stinky criminals.

>and oppressed them
How? By stopping them from being criminals? How evil of him.

>>19229033
>I hate the man
No, you don't. You've just swallowed a huge load of propaganda like a good goy.

Considering that you like stating facts, if you actually studied him, you'd like him.

>>19229251
>not a single one in Sardinia
How are we so based?
Is it the goats?

>>19228373
Just learn how to read Italian, is not that hard.

>>19229033
>Mussolini wasn't "racist" in the same way Hitler was, in fact he criticized German racism and antisemitism
Wtf I hate Mussolini now

>>19230480
>Slavs are gypsies
Stop posting

>>19230493
Cuddugunnu

>>19230478
Jews had a good survival rate in Italy for an Axis country

>>19231013
A lot of the higher ups in the fascist party were jews. There were no extermination camps and deportations were limited to those who got too uppity and were mostly commies

>>19231043
Yeah I know that 1/3 of the adult jewish population were members of the PNF, and the racial laws when they first came i to effect was filled with lots of loopholes, i.e didn't apply to half-jews, war veterans, essential workers, things like that.

>deportations were limited to those who got too uppity and were mostly commies
This I don't know the details of. Is there evidence of it?

Anyway anon is stupid for calling me ignorant because I don't know the location of synagogues.

Tankies and fascists are the saddest posters on /his/. You literally do the upmost historical revisionism here because you get bullied out of every other internet community for being retarded.

>>19231070
/his/ posters are all retarded, so I don't know what you are on about.
The fact that you can actually stomach posting there says more about you than anyone else.
>>>/his/

>>19231055
I'm just fucking with you I have no clue what that map is supposed to represent nor do I know how the Jewish question was handled in fascist Italy
Don't believe anything on what gets posted on this site in the future

>>19231107
Why would you do that to me

>>19231055
>Anyway anon is stupid for calling me ignorant because I don't know the location of synagogues.
You still believe that map is synagogues? Holy Jesus if you antisemites are gullible.

>>19231162
>You still
Not still, I was corrected here >>19231107
>Holy Jesus if you antisemites
????????????????????????????????????????????????

>>19230493
What is the picture depicting goddammit

>>19231206
It's goat-free safe zones, hence Sardinia

>>19231211
Pls just tell me I'm going to go on /int/ to ask

Whats a good biography of the man? (English Italian, Russian, french are all fine)

>>19231234
>italian
Mussolini, 4 volumes, 1965–1997 by Renzo de Felice

Do you know all 4 languages well?

>>19231240
My Italian is rusty, and It's been over year since i've read anything in it, but otherwise, yeah.
I also know Arabic and am trying to teach myself Latin (tho with little success of im honest)

>>19231255
How do you know so many languages? What country did you attend school in?

As an American our public schools are very poor in teaching language (and I went to one of the better ones) We simply lag behind in the humanities

>>19229593
Thank you for the sources anon. Lots of books to pick up.

>>19231513
The Young Mussolini is nearly 100 dollars, it's mandatory reading but out of print. Until you shell out the money for it pic related makes a good companion.
https://bg1lib.org/book/16966967/0d89f9

Marx's work is also mandatory, his economics more than his philosophy. You should read The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, however. Kapital is required reading, you can read Engel's Wage Labor and Capital and the first chapter of Grundrisse as an introduction to it. Robert Heilbroner's 'The Worldly Philosophers' is a good place to start before you get into economics.

Sorel's essays are also mandatory. The Illusion's of Progress and Reflections on Violence influenced every Fascist in Italy

The main people you're going to want to read for Fascism are Marx and Sorel for politics, Fichte, Gentile, Nietzsche, Stirner for philosophy. Marx also if you decide to reject idealism but I doubt anyone can because Gentile's arguments are more convincing than Marx's psuedo-materialism. Essentially Fascism is an idealist revision of Marxism. Don't let anyone tell you otherwise.

>>19231268
First Im from Russia and though my parents were quite poor they did try to give me the possible education as part of which they hired French tutor, who also happened to be Palestinian Arab, who thought me both languages , one after the other.
I was taught Italian by a cute girl i was pursuing in uni.

>>19229251
>>19229205
>>19229033
What an arrogant faggot you are

>>19231857
italianon on /int/ told me

can someone explain to me why it is socially unacceptable to be a fascist but not unacceptable to be a communist?

the fascists persecuted and killed far less people

but every time the gas attacks in ethiopia are bought up? so what? back in those days men liked to go to war.

>>19232090
Because communism is the reason you aren't working in a coal mine for 16 hours a day.

>>19232097
do you think the fascists made their people work in coal mines 16 hours a day?
all of the fascists were former marxists

>>19231960
That's not it btw

>>19232188
WTF IS IT THEN?

>>19229251
Acording to macedonia anon on /pol/ those are synagogues,so you're an anti-semite?
That's why you don't like Musso?

>>19232406
link the thread?

>>19232413
https://archive.4plebs.org/pol/thread/343513308/#343515060

>>19232097
false

>>19232421
was that guy who posted the pic of italy a /pol/ poster?
no wonder he sounded retarded

>>19231635
>I was taught Italian by a cute girl i was pursuing in uni.
Бaзa

>>19232430
Probably?
The file name is different though,so maybe he just stole it,but assuming he didn't...
If you search for the Macedonia flag,the first few results are either related to ''meds'',''Italian Mafia,or ''Italy-bros''
The Macedonia flag also seems to reffer to Italians as ''Luigi''
So he's a /pol/ user,blond blue eyed barbarian,not one drop of med bvll and greek blood ,who lives in some ''Macedonian'' cave and wants to move and integrate himself into a superior civilization,Italian Roman Civilization that is.
Anyways,if I happen to find where he lives I'll post a picture of his house from google maps here,see ya

>>19232430
>was that guy who posted the pic of italy a /pol/ poster?
No, I'm not. The dude who posted it in /pol/ probably doesn't even know
>no wonder he sounded retarded
Ipse dixit.

>>19229297
>014 people interviewed
LMAO

>>19232620
ok i apologize for insulting you. may you tell me what the map means?

>>19229292
>>19229292
You aren't alone brother. We can still win the spiritual war.

>>19229046
>>19229297
Mussolini is still a potent name among voters.
>https://www.newsweek.com/far-right-granddaughter-benito-mussolini-wins-election-rome-city-councilor-1636404

>>19232855
i told you what it means in the /int/ thread retard

>>19228373
Learn Italian

>>19232097
lol

>>19231070
>>19231092
99% of /his/ are faggots who know nothing about history apart from Wikipedia and memes.

>>19232965
this guy said it doesn't mean that>>19232188

>>19231070
>>19231092
>>19233040
It seems to me you got shit on by /his/ so you're coming here to whine

>>19233097
I left it months ago. All the quality anons who knew about history left too.

>>19233063
it isn't that
it was made by the national institute for the history of the italian liberation movement and the national association of italian partisans
and it shows all the killings by nazis and fascists between 1943 and 1945

>>19233115
>and it shows all the killings by nazis and fascists between 1943 and 1945
Wow people died in a war? This is literally like people who whine about Dresden.

>>19233115
aha. it was an unfortunate episode of history. however, it was a civil war.

>>19233124
i'm not the guy who originally posted it
i just keep telling you what the fuck it means because you won't shut the fuck up about it and shitting up multiple boards even though it's patently obvious and i found it after 40 seconds of googling

>>19233132
that wasn't me, this was me >>19233127
and I only asked on one board, which was /int/

>>19228373
Damn, didn't know this existed. This, Dante, Gentile, that proto-fascist poet, the futurists etc. make a convincing case to learn italian.

>>19233127
>>19233124
Find the differences

>>19233833
me no speako italiano, but I will learn one day.

>>19233814
>that proto-fascist poet

>>19233852
utterly based

>>19233858

>>19233848
Just type the words into google translate
I do this all the time with Russian and German, it helps you internalize the language, even if you don't understand it

You speak english, you can understand AT LEAST 30% of the words here

Informo
conducente
individui
bicicletta
trasportava
ricovero
patrioti
constatato
Comprendeva
salumi
conserva
intimavano
tranquillizzandolo
Impressionato
stazionava
camion
prelevati
carro
richiesta
giustificazione
invitavano
redigevano


Incidenti
comunicare
popolazione
minimo
atto
ostilità
Germaniche
Ceco Slovacche
Italiane
Truppe
Ordinerà
Immediatamente
distruzione
Completa
Paese
Persone
Distinzione
Sesso

>>19233852
He's buffer than I thought

>>19233858
>>19233852
>degenerate manlet
>somewhat sides with "fascism"
>b-based!
Kill yourself :)

>>19233992
fascism has and always will be a leftist revolutionary movement. keeping the bourgeoise in check so that they can fulfill their historical role in modernizing the country doesn't change that.

>>19233865
ok i will tomorrow. i am tired, the thread might archive.

>>19229642
You will be one of the prosperous fasces shoots to spring up from black, one barren earth, now fertilized with ashes and bone meal.
Be happy, Anon, you know what you must do

Love Il Duce, I'll probably learn Italian somewhere down the road when I have time just for this
>>19232090
Because Fascism as an ideological bloc still holds the embers of a threat to Liberal Capitalism whereas Communism has been coopted to very sufficient results, simple as

>>19234007
DO NOT GOOGLE AGNELLI
DO NOT GOOGLE THYSSEN

>>19234017
everytime there's a thread on /lit/ about fascism and some anon is sperging out defending mussolini and claiming he is true revolutionary who *really* understood marx, it's me.

i dropped out of college for this shit and it's the only thing i spend my time doing.

>>19234033
Cope
Tokyo night...
It's just a paradise of love...


https://www.vanityfair.it/news/storie-news/2021/08/10/sono-una-ragazza-di-sinistra-intervista-ad-alessandra-mussolini

>>19234032
nazis weren't fascists and
>keeping the bourgeoise in check so that they can fulfill their historical role in modernizing the country doesn't change that.

anyway, in his will mussolini wrote that he should have expropriated them.

>>19234038
fuck off, lenin and his spawn only brought kasernenkommunismus

>>19234040
>anyway, in his will mussolini wrote that he should have expropriated them.
...But he didn't.
What a surprise!

>Literally the Pope: Mussolini is a Providence man

>his daughters marry a count

>somehow, mussolini was against the bourgeois and nobles

???

>>19234038
why did you post that article?
mussolini was a 'leftist'
or more accurately he rejected the concept of "left and right" and called out the PCI for their conservatism in regards to the war.

>It is not a paradox today to say that revolutionaries can be on the Right and reactionaries can be on the Left.
>In short, these words do not have a fixed and immutable meaning: they have variables and are conditioned by the circumstances of time, place and spirit. We Fascists completely ignore these empty terms and above all despise those who are terrified by these words. These frightened fools abound especially in Parliament. That's why no ministry has been formed yet. That's why, almost certainly, there will be no government.

>>19234061
>but he didn't!
BECAUSE HE DIDN'T WANT TO DO A SHITTY USSR IMMITATION. HE DID THE RIGHT THING ALLOWING FREE TRADE.
it would have made no difference had he consumed the big companies. he would have lost the war either way.

>>19234061
>>Literally the Pope: Mussolini is a Providence man
>>his daughters marry a count
>>somehow, mussolini was against the bourgeois and nobles

>YEAAAAAAH OFF WITH THEIR HEADSSS WEWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW

>>19234072
>h-he was a communist!
>h-he didn't do communist shit because...he just didn't!

>HE DID THE RIGHT THING ALLOWING FREE TRADE.
There was no "free trade" in fascist italy, you fucking ignoramus, there was "autarchy". Why am I even arguing with americans...

>he rejected the concept of "left and right"
>h-he rejected the concept!

>and called out the PCI for their conservatism in regards to the war.

PCI was founded 3 years after WWI, what the fuck you're even talking about?

>>19234072
>That's why, almost certainly, there will be no government.
wtf

>>19234091
«Avrei usato clemenza a Sbardellotto e a Schirru. Non ho mai pensato di usarla nei riguardi di Bovone, cieco esecutore di atti terroristici diretti a fare il vuoto fra le masse, le quali nulla avevano a spartire con la politica. Ma Sbardellotto ventiduenne, che rispose all'invito del magistrato a firmare la domanda di grazia dichiarando di rimpiangere solo di non aver eseguito l'attentato; ma Schirru anarchico, ottimo combattente della grande guerra che grida la sua fede dinanzi al plotone di esecuzione, sono uomini veramente degni di un destino migliore di quello che la sorte ha loro riservato.»

>>19234090
>PCI was founded 3 years after WWI, what the fuck you're even talking about?
I meant PSI, clearly my fat american fingers mispressed the button.

>>h-he didn't do communist shit because...he just didn't!
HE DID DO COMMUNIST SHIT IDIOT. HALF OF ITALY WAS INDUSTRIALLY BANKRUPT. DO YOU REMEMBER THIS THING CALLED HISTORICAL MATERIALISM?

>There was no "free trade" in fascist italy, you fucking ignoramus, there was "autarchy".
HE TRADED WITH EVERY COUNTRY YOU IDIOT. FASCIST ITALY AMONG THE FIRST TO HAVE ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE SOVIET UNION WHAT THE FUCK ARE YOU ON ABOUT?

>>19234095
what am I looking at here?

>>19234099
>HE TRADED WITH EVERY COUNTRY YOU IDIOT
>Trading means supporting """free trade"""
>HE DID DO COMMUNIST SHIT IDIOT
>supported by Agnelli
>i-its communism!


>>19234101
Mussolini commentary about two anarchists who plotted to kill him - they didn't even actually attempt to, they didn't have the opportunity.

>>19234132
>>Trading means supporting """free trade"""
everyone in fascist italy was able to conduct business.
>supported by Agnelli
>i-its communism!
this is not an argument. this is as stupid as saying engels was not a communist because his father had a textile factory.
retard
>they didn't even actually attempt to, they didn't have the opportunity.
it's dangerous to have people like that out in the street. bolsheviks killed people who were simply suspected of it, and had show trials.

>>19234153
>everyone in fascist italy was able to conduct business.
???
You needed the party card (does this sound familiar?)
>this is not an argument.
You think Agnelli would support "communism"? For fucking 20 years they kept their factories

>it's dangerous to have people like that out in the street
read the stories again
They were arrested while found in possession of a weapon, yes.
They could have said ANYTHING
It wasn't strange to have a weapon 100 years ago, they admitted they wanted to kill Mussolini.

'm going to sleep now

>>19234175
>You needed the party card (does this sound familiar?)
i will look into this
>>19234175
>You think Agnelli would support "communism"
what agnelli wants doesn't matter. he had a purpose.
>read the stories again
okay so at this point it's just a 'he said, she said' argument, ok.

I know Mussolini. he would never give up his ideals.


https://www.marxists.org/archive/gramsci/1925/05/speech.htm
>GRAMSCI: Not fascist violence, ours. We are sure of representing the majority of the population, of representing the most essential interests of the majority of the Italian people; proletarian violence is thus progressive and cannot be systematic. Your violence is systematic and systematically arbitrary because you represent a minority destined to disappear. We must say to the working population what your government is, how your government conducts itself, to organize against you, to make it ready to defeat you. It is most probable that we too will find ourselves forced to use the same systems as you, but as a transition, occasionally. [Noises, interruptions]. Certainly: use the same systems as you, with the difference that you represent the minority of the population, while we represent the majority. [Interruptions, noises].

>>19234194
>what agnelli wants doesn't matter.
>what the largest industry wants, the one which builds tanks and planes for fascist wars, doesn't matter
Sure
>I know Mussolini. he would never give up his ideals.
>I-I know!

>«Il fascismo è un metodo, non un fine; se volete, è "una autocrazia sulla via della democrazia".»

>Noi ci permettiamo il lusso di essere aristocratici e democratici; conservatori e progressisti; reazionari e rivoluzionari; legalitari e illegalitari, a seconda delle circostanze di tempo, di luogo e di ambiente, in una parola "di storia", nelle quali siamo costretti a vivere e ad agire.
Read books.
It's always hilarious when americ*ns try to teach ME my country's history.

>>19234216
>Sure
what matters is what the state 'the party' wanted. the fascists wanted to go on a war adventure in ethiopia! so what? they enjoyed the war and it made men strong. so they wanted to build a colony? so what?
http://dcac.du.ac.in/documents/E-Resource/2020/Metrial/422AakanshaNatani2.pdf

it was a failure anyway.

>>«Il fascismo è un metodo, non un fine; se volete, è "una autocrazia sulla via della democrazia".»
this does not contradict mussolini at all

>Noi ci permettiamo il lusso di essere aristocratici e democratici; conservatori e progressisti; reazionari e rivoluzionari; legalitari e illegalitari, a seconda delle circostanze di tempo, di luogo e di ambiente, in una parola "di storia", nelle quali siamo costretti a vivere e ad agire.
nor does this

it's called politics, fool. you think you 'btfo' me but you did not. the fact of the matter

>Read books.
the only thing you got me is with the 'party card' nonsense. I am looking at the laws past by the state right now. looking if party card was required for starting a business.

in 1939 the state distributed over 20 million cards, to all citizens, by the way.

>>19234216
>It's always hilarious when americ*ns try to teach ME my country's history.
don't try to use these emotional arguments on me. most of your countrymen have a poor understanding of history. most people do, anyway.

>>19234216
Just as I thought, you were wrong.
Read this, use sci hub.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2119322
I had an old Marxist interpretation that also expressed positive views but I cannot find that now.

I am going to bed, goodnight.

>In his opinion, the policies and changes of the late twenties and the early thirties were common to the major capitalist countries; Fascist influence was mar- ginal and more visible in its social impact than in the nature of the economic development. The second phase of Italian industrialization began in the thirties. It was based on a few oligopolies in the mechan- ical, chemical, electric, and steel industries, openly supported by the state and parallel to the growth of new sectors, like aviation, artificial textiles, and rubber. The extensive rationalization of the depression years was the base for expansion after 1934, which took place in the legal and institutional framework of autarchy. Gualerni thought that Fascist propaganda persuaded economists to blame autarchy as ex- treme protectionism and national self-sufficiency. To him autarchy meant a regulated economy, the mode of functioning of mature capitalism, and conscious and state-supported efforts to expand pro- duction and to reach the full utilization of resources. Gualerni re- jected the allegation that this economy was geared to war production: Italian participation in World War II was the result of the Fascist hold on economic life. After 1934, state support for heavy industry did not originate in war production for the Ethiopian campaign, but mainly in public spending for civil colonization in Italian Africa. In spite of their ideological differences, Gualerni and Fano Damascelli agreed that these economic events were the structural basis of postwar growth. In the thirties, according to Fano, manufactured products and raw mate- rials increased their percentage in the total Italian exports and im- ports. State control of credit and protection of investments channeled the latter toward long-term industrial outlets and contributed to the growth of an industrial enterpreneurial elite. Industry was damaged little by the war and was ready to take advantage of the reopening of international trade.

By the way, FIAT opposed the war in Ethiopia. Heavy industry was for it.

You read book, commie. MUSSOLINI layed the foundation of the post war economic boom of Italy.

>be fascist
>argue that fascism was not capitalist but not marxist

>be fascist
>argue that fascism was capitalist but Marxist

Wtf are you people

>>19234428
Both :^)

>Ultimately, Gentile foresaw a social order wherein opposites of all kinds weren't to be considered as existing independently from each other; that 'publicness' and 'privateness' as broad interpretations were currently false as imposed by all former kinds of government, including capitalism and communism; and that only the reciprocal totalitarian state of Corporatism, a fascist state, could defeat these problems which are made from reifying as an external reality that which is in fact, to Gentile, only a reality in thinking. Whereas it was common in the philosophy of the time to see the conditional subject as abstract and the object as concrete, Gentile postulated (after Hegel) the opposite, that the subject is concrete and the object a mere abstraction (or rather, that what was conventionally dubbed "subject" is in fact only conditional object, and that the true subject is the act of being or essence of the object)

Bump

>>19234194
>MUSSOLINI: With respect to electoral violence I remind you of an article by Bordiga which fully justifies it!
Mussolini is literally telling Gramsci to his face over here that he is a socialist. Gramsci just spergs out and says 'no Bolshevism is the real socialism'

Then he just spergs out again and admits to essentially plotting the verthrow of the government
>we are not jurors
Lol.

No wonder they arrested Gramsci. Imagine pulling a stunt like this in front of Lenin. He would have you executed on the spot.

>>19228373
Fascist is crypto-communism.

>>19232423
>>19233026
It's true though. Without communism as a movement, Bismark wouldn't have implemented the welfare state and trade unions wouldn't have had the power they did.

people think world war 2 was the end of communism and fascism

but they're just taking a break

>>19234935
They won't be fighting this time.

>>19234938
history no repeat but rhyme
-enrico clemens hernandez

>>19228373
Okay, I have to ask: Who the hell actually reads all of this? I sometimes see pictures of the Complete Works of Marx or Luther or this, and... who is going to read all of this?

>>19234954
People who idolize the individuals in question.

>>19233115
>the italian liberation movement and the national association of italian partisans

>>19234954
Me

Bump

>>19235024
The hilarious thing is that ANPI is currently trying to cancel the public presentation of a book dealing with the dark side of the partisans and their actions.

>>19235861
what book?

>>19236608
The title is a pun: sinistra is both the noun for left-wing and the feminine form of the adjective sinister.

>>19236717
Are Foibe mentioned in it?

What's the best biography on Mussolini?

>>19228373
boop

>>19236717
"sinister" is Latin for left.
"dexter" is Latin for right.

>>19237101
Renzo De Felice

>>19237614
Liberalism is sinistra

>>19237908
Have you read it? QRD?

>>19238807
It's great and it gives a fair depiction of Mussolini

>>19237101
Renzo De Felice, and his own autobiography (my rise and fall) are pretty good.

>>19238361
sinestra?

>>19240395

>>19230493
It's those mighty shardana genes, anon.

Bump