/lit/ - Literature

I'm new to philosophy. Can someone give me a tldr on this stuff? My basic understanding:

>the issue is how we can know "things"
>Aristotle says there is unformed matter, but it does have properties. From these properties we create forms in our minds.
>We are a "thing" too so we must exist in the mind of God(???)
>Kant says we can't actually know anything about reality as it truly is
>Hegel says there is some underlying absolute reality and we can learn it through dialectically considering forms and ideas?

Idk someone explain this to me, thx, I find it really interesting but I am pretty clueless