/lit/ - Literature

>>14205867
The concept of yin and yang from Chinese philosophy is one (very outdated) interpretation of the co-creative dynamic I see as underlying process thought, which has its mathematical expression in calculus as integration and differentiation being inverse operations of the same process, and correspond to being and becoming. This dynamic is *embodied* in all processes, and has its foundations in our perception of change itself.

Here's a link between Bergson, Whitehead, and calculus: https://www.religion-online.org/article/influence-as-confluence-bergson-and-whitehead/

>for Bergson, calculus is more than just a handy metaphor or analogy, but rather, he indeed aimed at framing an approach to the organicist world hypothesis that employs the calculus as its actual method of discovery (i.e., differentiation) and explanation (i.e., integration), and that every discovery is the inverse of an explanation and every explanation the derivative of a discovery.

This is a great introduction that describes the basics of this dynamic in Whitehead's Process and Reality: https://imgur.com/a/ZtLDYJT

"Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being" is a physicalist and anti-Platonic model of mathematics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_Mathematics_Comes_From

>Much of WMCF deals with the important concepts of infinity and of limit processes, seeking to explain how finite humans living in a finite world could ultimately conceive of the actual infinite. Thus much of WMCF is, in effect, a study of the epistemological foundations of the calculus. Lakoff and Núñez conclude that while the potential infinite is not metaphorical, the actual infinite is. Moreover, they deem all manifestations of actual infinity to be instances of what they call the "Basic Metaphor of Infinity", as represented by the ever-increasing sequence 1, 2, 3, ...

To bring it back to Deleuze and Nietzsche, Difference and Repetition is literally all about this, and explicitly connects difference to calculus differentiation:

>Deleuze proposes (citing Leibniz) that difference is better understood through the use of dx, the differential. A derivative, dy/dx, determines the structure of a curve while nonetheless existing just outside the curve itself; that is, by describing a virtual tangent. Deleuze argues that difference should fundamentally be the object of affirmation and not negation. As per Nietzsche, negation becomes secondary and epiphenomenal in relation to this primary force.

>>14016492
>> how do you acquire knowledge under a relativistic epistemology?
This is a wrong question, the question should be "How do you acquire experience?"
Experience is an evolutionary process of change over time. Whitehead famously summarized this process as:
> The true method of discovery is like the flight of an aeroplane. It starts from the ground of particular observation; it makes a flight in the thin air of imaginative generalization; and it again lands for renewed observation rendered acute by rational interpretation.
"Particular observation" means that the process is grounded in empirical experience of the world. What initiates this flight are experiences that are an exception to one's existing understanding, an exclusion to one's habitual routines of understanding and interaction that demands an account. The source of this flight is error, and the realization of this error makes what was previously given and obvious brought into questionability. The flight of discover starts with the particular question "what is going on here?" which is a request for situational awareness (awareness of the event that has been brought into questionability) and it's relationship to other spacio-temporal events.

This paper shows the link between Bergson and Whitehead, as well as the true core of process-relational / organicist thought: https://www.religion-online.org/article/influence-as-confluence-bergson-and-whitehead/

>for Bergson, calculus is more than just a handy metaphor or analogy, but rather, he indeed aimed at framing an approach to the organicist world hypothesis that employs the calculus as its actual method of discovery (i.e., differentiation) and explanation (i.e., integration), and that every discovery is the inverse of an explanation and every explanation the derivative of a discovery.

A discovery is an un-doing of an explanation, and so questionability corresponds to calculus differentiation. This link is profoundly physical and perceptual: a derivative is sensitivity to immediate change, with what Whitehead describes as "presentational immediacy" being exposure to the instantaneous questionability of one's experience with the world. Integration is "cumulative change over time" when considered with respect to time and in terms of epistemic change is "cumulative understanding of one's experiences of the world."

My own model of human creative evolution correlates the evolutionary process of variation -> selection -> reproduction to question -> choice -> action. I detail this scheme here: https://old.reddit.com/r/Tao_of_Calculus/comments/9rpnrl/space_taoism_101/ Self-creative freedom comes from our ability to question our questions, resulting in processes of meta-inquiry which allows for open questionability that modifies one's own questions in the process of questing.