/jp/ - Otaku Culture

Are you ready for the beach episode?

why ensharts why

>>46629325
Wrong board ENcel

>it was certain mippi paati
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
*screams in the background*

Everything has a limit
The day, the night
The sunrise, the sunset
Everything but our flaming spirit

>>46629218
Fighting the good fight friend

DIE EN-SHIT DIE

>>46629197
It's 9 in Japan though

I am doing the dutifully sirs your oshis are in the good hands, beautiful japanese futures very good

>>46629139
>7am in Jakarta
Yep, checks out

>it was certain mippi paati
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
*screams in the background*

>>46629080
You did too much

>>46629022
Sure.

Jannie-chan is a faggot and dosen't seem like he want me to do the joke.

>>46629008
boobs?

Imagine if she had eight.

>>46628991
"Stegosaurus "affinis", named by Marsh in 1881, is only known from a pubis which has since been lost. Because Marsh did not provide an adequate description of the bone with which to distinguish a new species, this name is considered a nomen nudum.[8]
Diracodon laticeps was described by Marsh in 1881, from some jawbone fragments.[58] Bakker resurrected D. laticeps in 1986 as a senior synonym of S. stenops,[59] although others note that the material is not diagnostic and is only referable to Stegosaurus sp., making it a nomen dubium.[6]
Stegosaurus duplex, meaning "two plexus roof lizard" (in allusion to the greatly enlarged neural canal of the sacrum which Marsh characterized as a "posterior brain case"), was named by Marsh in 1887 (including the holotype specimen). The disarticulated bones were actually collected in 1879 by Edward Ashley at Como Bluff. Marsh initially distinguished it from S. ungulatus based on the fact that each sacral (hip) vertebra bore its own rib, which he claimed was unlike the anatomy of S. ungulatus; however, the sacrum of S. ungulatus had not actually been discovered. Marsh also suggested that S. duplex may have lacked armor, since no plates or spikes were found with the specimen, though a single spike may actually have been present nearby, and re-examination of the site maps has shown that the entire specimen was found highly disarticulated and scattered.[6] It is generally considered a synonym of S. ungulatus today, and parts of the specimen were actually incorporated into the Peabody Museum S. ungulatus skeletal mount in 1910.[3]
Reassigned species
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Stegosaurus marshi, which was described by Lucas in 1901, was renamed Hoplitosaurus in 1902.[60]
Stegosaurus priscus, described by Nopcsa in 1911, was reassigned to Lexovisaurus,[41] and is now the type species of Loricatosaurus.[23]
Stegosaurus longispinus was named by Charles W. Gilmore in 1914 based on a fragmentary postcranial skeleton that has largely been lost.[61][8] It is now the type species of the genus Alcovasaurus, though it has been referred to Miragaia.[62][61]
Stegosaurus madagascariensis from Madagascar is known solely from teeth and was described by Piveteau in 1926. The teeth were variously attributed to a stegosaur, the theropod Majungasaurus,[63] a hadrosaur or even a crocodylian, but is now considered a possible ankylosaur.[23]
Stegosaurus homheni is an alternative combination for the Chinese Cretaceous stegosaur Wuerhosaurus homheni, which was described based on a partial postcranial skeleton in 1973 by Dong Zhiming.[64] It was referred to Stegosaurus in 2008 by Maidment et al,[23] but some still consider the species to be in its own genus.[65][66]
Stegosaurus mjosi was described as Hesperosaurus mjosi by Carpenter et al in 2001 based on a partial skull and incomplete postcranial skeleton from the Morrison Formation of Johnson County, Wyoming. The species was referred to Stegosaurus mostly by Maidment et al starting in 2008,[67][23] but Hesperosaurus has been the more popular combination since the discovery of more remains.[68]"

>>46628987
"Stegosaurus sulcatus, meaning "furrowed roof lizard", was described by Marsh in 1887 based on a partial skeleton.[11] It has traditionally been considered a synonym of S. armatus,[41] though more recent studies suggest it is not.[3] S. sulcatus is distinguished mainly by its unusually large, furrowed spikes with very large bases. A spike associated with the type specimen, originally thought to be a tail spike, may in fact come from the shoulder or hip, since its base is much larger than the corresponding tail vertebrae. A review published by Maidment and colleagues in 2008 regarded it as an indeterminate species possibly not even belonging to Stegosaurus at all, but to a different genus.[23][56] Peter Galton suggested it should be considered a valid species due to its unique spikes.[3]
Susannah Maidment and colleagues in 2008 proposed extensive alterations to the taxonomy of Stegosaurus. They advocated synonymizing S. stenops and S. ungulatus with S. armatus, and sinking Hesperosaurus and Wuerhosaurus into Stegosaurus, with their type species becoming Stegosaurus mjosi and Stegosaurus homheni, respectively. They regarded S. longispinus as dubious. Thus, their conception of Stegosaurus would include three valid species (S. armatus, S. homheni, and S. mjosi) and would range from the Late Jurassic of North America and Europe to the Early Cretaceous of Asia.[23] However, this classification scheme was not followed by other researchers, and a 2017 cladistic analysis co-authored by Maidment with Thomas Raven rejects the synonymy of Hesperosaurus with Stegosaurus.[3][57] In 2015, Maidment et al. revised their suggestion due to the recognition by Galton of S. armatus as a nomen dubium and its replacement by S. stenops as type species.[27]

In 2024, Li and colleagues described specimen GSAU 201201, a partial skeleton of a stegosaur from the upper Hekou Group of Gansu Province, China (discovered in c. 2000-04), which dates to the Aptian–Albian ages of the Early Cretaceous. The specimen consists of three articulated cervical vertebrae with associated ribs, three dorsal vertebrae, thirteen ribs, a right forelimb including a partial humerus, ulna, and radius, and one dermal plate. Although certain features of the fossil material are different when compared to Wuerhosaurus and Stegosaurus stenops, Li et al. considered the new specimen as Stegosaurus sp. Fossils of the ankylosaur Taohelong were also found in the same layers of the Hekou Group.[1]

Doubtful species and junior synonyms
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Stegosaurus armatus, meaning "armored roof lizard", was the first species to be found and the original type species named by O.C. Marsh in 1877.[4] It is known from a partial skeleton, and more than 30 fragmentary specimens have been referred to it.[41] However, the type specimen was very fragmentary, consisting only of a partial tail, hips, and leg, parts of some back vertebrae, and a single fragmentary plate (the presence of which was used to give the animal its name). No other plates or spikes were found, and the entire front half of the animal appears not to have been preserved.[6] Because the type specimen is very fragmentary, it is extremely difficult to compare it with other species based on better specimens, and it is now generally considered to be a nomen dubium. Because of this, it was replaced by S. stenops as the type species of Stegosaurus in a ruling of the ICZN in 2013.[5]"

>>46628985
"Species
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Many of the species initially described have since been considered to be invalid or synonymous with earlier named species,[6] leaving two well-known and one poorly known species. Confirmed Stegosaurus remains have been found in the Morrison Formation's stratigraphic zones 2–6, with additional remains possibly referrable to Stegosaurus recovered from stratigraphic zone 1.[55]

Stegosaurus ungulatus, meaning "hoofed roof lizard", was named by Marsh in 1879,[10] from remains recovered at Como Bluff, Wyoming (Quarry 12, near Robber's Roost).[6] It might be synonymous with S. stenops.[27] At 7 m (23.0 ft),[33] it was the longest species within the genus Stegosaurus. A fragmentary Stegosaurus specimen discovered in Portugal and dating from the upper Kimmeridgian-lower Tithonian stage has been tentatively assigned to this species.[30] Stegosaurus ungulatus can be distinguished from S. stenops by the presence of longer hind limbs, proportionately smaller, more pointed plates with wide bases and narrow tips, and by several small, flat, spine-like plates just before the spikes on the tail. These spine-like plates appear to have been paired, due to the presence of at least one pair that are identical but mirrored. S. ungulatus also appears to have had longer legs (femora) and hip bones than other species. The type specimen of S. ungulatus was discovered with eight spikes, though they were scattered away from their original positions. These have often been interpreted as indicating that the animal had four pairs of tail spikes. No specimens have been found with complete or articulated sets of tail spikes, but no additional specimens have been found that preserve eight spikes together. It is possible the extra pair of spikes came from a different individual, and though no other extra bones were found with the specimen, these may be found if more digging were done at the original site.[3] Specimens from other quarries (such as a tail from Quarry 13, now forming part of the composite skeleton AMNH 650 at the American Museum of Natural History), referred to S. ungulatus on the basis of their notched tail vertebrae, are preserved with only four tail spikes.[6] The type specimen of S. ungulatus (YPM 1853) was incorporated into the first ever mounted skeleton of a stegosaur at the Peabody Museum of Natural History in 1910 by Richard Swann Lull. It was initially mounted with paired plates set wide, above the base of the ribs, but was remounted in 1924 with two staggered rows of plates along the midline of the back.[14] Additional specimens recovered from the same quarry by the United States National Museum of Natural History, including tail vertebrae and an additional large plate (USNM 7414), belong to the same individual as YPM 1853.[3]


Type specimen of S. stenops on display at the National Museum of Natural History
Stegosaurus stenops, meaning "narrow-faced roof lizard", was named by Marsh in 1887,[11] with the holotype having been collected by Marshall Felch at Garden Park, north of Cañon City, Colorado, in 1886. This is the best-known species of Stegosaurus, mainly because its remains include at least one complete articulated skeleton. It had proportionately large, broad plates and rounded tail plates. Articulated specimens show that the plates were arranged alternating in a staggered double row. S. stenops is known from at least 50 partial skeletons of adults and juveniles, one complete skull, and four partial skulls. It was shorter than other species, at 6.5 m (21 ft).[33] Found in the Morrison Formation, Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah.[41]"

>>46628976
"Classification and species
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Illustration
Restoration of S. ungulatus

Back plate cast, Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, Montana
Like the spikes and shields of ankylosaurs, the bony plates and spines of stegosaurians evolved from the low-keeled osteoderms characteristic of basal thyreophorans.[48] Galton (2019) interpreted plates of an armored dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian) Lower Kota Formation of India as fossils of a member of Ankylosauria; the author argued that this finding indicates a probable early Early Jurassic origin for both Ankylosauria and its sister group Stegosauria.[49]

The vast majority of stegosaurian dinosaurs thus far recovered belong to the Stegosauridae, which lived in the later part of the Jurassic and early Cretaceous, and which were defined by Paul Sereno as all stegosaurians more closely related to Stegosaurus than to Huayangosaurus.[50] This group is widespread, with members across the Northern Hemisphere, Africa and possibly South America.[51] Stegosaurus frequently is discovered in a clade within the Stegosauridae called Stegosaurinae, usually including the taxa Wuerhosaurus and Hesperosaurus.[52] The cladogram below displays the results of the "preferred tree" phylogenetic analysis of Raven et al. (2023), showing the position of the Stegosaurinae within Stegosauria and Eurypoda.[53]

Eurypoda
Ankylosauria

Stegosauria
Tuojiangosaurus

Paranthodon

Chungkingosaurus

Gigantspinosaurus

Isaberrysaura

Huayangosaurus

Stegosauridae
Jiangjunosaurus

Dacentrurus

Stegosaurinae
Stegosaurus stenops

Hesperosaurus

Wuerhosaurus

Loricatosaurus

Alcovasaurus

Kentrosaurus

Adratiklit

Miragaia

In 2017, Raven and Maidment published a phylogenetic analysis including almost every known stegosaurian genus.[54] Their dataset was expanded upon in the following years with additional taxa. In their 2024 description of stegosaur fossil material from China's Hekou Group, Li et al. used a modified version of the dataset of Raven and Maidment to analyze the phylogenetic relations of the Stegosauria:[1]

Stegosauria
Bashanosaurus

Chungkingosaurus

Huayangosaurus

Isaberrysaura

Gigantspinosaurus

Alcovasaurus

Jiangjunosaurus

Tuojiangosaurus

Paranthodon

Kentrosaurus

Adratiklit

Dacentrurus

Hesperosaurus

Miragaia

Loricatosaurus

Stegosaurus homheni (=Wuerhosaurus)

Hekou Group Stegosaurus sp. (GSAU 201201)

Stegosaurus stenops"